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The Impact of Insurance on the Litigation Finance Market

The widespread adoption of insurance products within the litigation finance space has been one of the hot topics recently, as it opens the door to a range of opportunities for funders and LPs. IMN’s panel discussion on insurance explored how funders can use these products to lower their rates and hedge investments, the solutions available to de-risk and monetize litigation and arbitration, what is covered and how much coverage is needed, and more. The panel consisted of Brandon Deme, Co-Founder and Director at Factor Risk Management, Sarah Lieber, Managing Director and Co-Head of the Litigation Finance Group at Stifel, Megan Easley, Vice President of Contingent Risk Solutions at CAC Specialty, and Jason Bertoldi, Head of Contingent Risk Solutions at Willis Tower Watson. The panel was moderated by Stephen Davidson, Managing Director and Head of Litigation and Contingent Risk at Aon. The discussion began with the products on offer. Those include judgement preservation insurance (JPI), where a judgement has been reached and the client is looking to insure the core value of that judgement.  Insurers can also protect portfolios of judgements, or even pre-judgement, for example if there is a substantial amount of IP that is expected to generate value, that can also be insured. On the defense-side, clients can use products to insulate them from liability and ring-fence their exposure and damages. ATE is one of the earliest products available in the market—going on 20-25 years now. This applies to adverse costs regimes, which is a huge risk to third-party funders who have to assume that risk, given that they put up the capital. As a result, many funders are approaching insurers looking for ATE insurance.  Some less well-known reasons for procuring insurance include enabling one firm to purchase another firm’s docket, which makes the transaction more attractive to the purchasing party. There is also the opportunity to insure against the risk of a specific motion—in one example, Sarah Lieber of Stifel pointed to a case where the likelihood of a certain motion being adverse to the claimant was less than 1%, but the client wanted a ‘sleep well at night’ type of insurance. The insurer was thrilled to write it, obviously, and from the claimant’s perspective, it was a minimal capital output which protected against a low probability event that would have a devastating outcome if it came to fruition. The good news is that these policies are intended to be very straightforward. For example, JPI is supposed to be a math problem: at final adjudication of a case, you’re supposed to have X. If you don’t, insurance will cover a portion of the rest. Portfolio insurance will include a duration element, but it’s still relatively straightforward. This is not mortgage insurance—these agreements are 10 pages long. The policies are designed to be simple. Typically, the only exclusion is for fraud, as that is what insurers are most concerned about. Perhaps that is one reason they are so popular. Speaking on the London ATE market specifically, Brandon Deme, of Factor Risk Management noted, “The insurance market is expanding. We’ve got insurers that can go up to $25MM in one single investment. When you put that together with the six to seven insurers who are active in the space, you can insure over $100MM. And that wasn’t possible just a few years ago.” The discussion then turned to how we can engender more cooperation between insurers and litigation funders, given that the two parties are at odds on issues relating to disclosure and regulatory requirements. Jason Bertoldi of Willis Tower Watson noted that almost every carrier who offers this product will have some sort of interaction with funders, either directly or indirectly. And while there is opposition to litigation funding from insurers around frivolous litigation and ethical concerns, there are similarly concerns amongst insurers around adverse selection and information asymmetry. So the insurance industry has to get more comfortable with litigation finance, and vice versa. “The funders that we’ve worked with that have looked to insure their investments directly, they’ve been succeeded because by being very transparent in what they provide,” said Bertoldi. “And they’ve dedicated a lot of time to getting insurance done, making sure all litigation counsel is involved on the underwriting side. Doing that, and making sure all information is on a level playing field makes the process go a lot better.” Sarah Lieber took this opportunity to highlight the importance of treating an insurer as a valuable partner, rather than as a means of shifting risk. “We use insurance for financial structuring and accounting, more so than shifting risk,” Lieber noted, “because shifting risk—you’ll do that once, and you’ll never be a participant again in this market. Insurers aren’t stupid, if you give them a pile of crap, they’ll remember you for it.” Megan Easley CAC Specialty pointed out that capacity is a challenge on some risks right now.  The market caps out around $300-$400MM. And while it is very unlikely that there will be total loss risk, insurance in general is very conservative, so there is a gradual shift towards the idea of a total loss. Brandon Deme added that it’s about having the right capacity as well.  You want your insurer to pay the client if everything goes wrong. Some insurers go broke, so having the right capacity is key. One final point from Jason Bertoldi highlighted what he felt is the “most important, and perhaps most unexamined phenomenon happening in our industry,” which he believes is contingent risk. “A lot of carriers are dabbling in contingent risk, who aren’t super active in the space, and they are really trying to get involved,” Bertoldi explained. “Many carriers are hiring dedicated personnel to do contingent risk, because they have the appetite but not the expertise to handle that. That will change over the course of the year as new underwriters come into the space with a litigation background.” In the end, these are two markets—insurance and litigation finance—that must grow comfortable with one another. Insurers are looking for funders who want cheaper capital, or are looking to offload concentration risk, and must be assured that funders aren’t simply shifting the riskiest cases in their investment portfolio over to the insurance side of the equation. For more on insurance and litigation funding, register for our complimentary digital event: Litigation Finance and Legal Insurance. This hour-long, audio-only event will be held on Wednesday, June 14th at 11am ET, and will feature key stakeholders across the insurance space who will discuss the interplay of insurance and legal claims in greater detail. All registrants will receive a recording of the event as well.   *Editor's Note: A previous version of this article suggested that Brandon Deme's comment on the size of the Legal Insurance market was in relation to the US market, where there is over $750m in available insurance capacity across two to three dozen insurers.  Mr. Deme was speaking specifically to the London ATE market. That correction has been made. We regret the error. 

Trends and Key Developments Impacting the Litigation Finance Market

How are inflation and rising rates impacting the litigation funding market? How can funders attract more institutional capital in today’s economic environment? What new products are emerging to disrupt the market? IMN’s 5th Annual Financing, Structuring, and Investing in Litigation Finance event kicked off with an opening panel on “The State of the Market: Where is the Litigation Finance Market Headed?” The panel consisted of Douglas Gruener, Partner at Levenfeld Pearlstein, Reid Zeising, CEO and Founder of Gain (formerly Cherokee Funding & Gain Servicing), William Weisman, Director of Commercial Litigation at Parabellum Capital, Charles Schmerler, Senior Managing Director and Head of Litigation Finance at Pretium Partners, and David Gallagher, Co-Head of Litigation Investing at the D.E. Shaw Group. The panel was moderated by Andrew Langhoff, Founder and Principal of Red Bridges Advisors. There is a lot of experimentation happening in the Litigation Finance market, whether that be single-case financing, portfolio financing, secondaries investment, defense-side funding and other strategies. Regardless of one’s position in the market, it is evident that the Litigation Finance sector continues to grow, both in terms of demand for the industry’s products and in terms of adoption within the broader Legal industry. Interestingly, David Gallagher of D.E. Shaw noted that while both funder AUM and new commitments by funders continue to rise, the rate at which AUM is rising is slowing down while the rate at which new commitments are rising is speeding up. So, there are no longer ‘too many dollars chasing too few deals,’ as was the case for the past several years. William Weisman of Parabellum corroborated that narrative by noting that his phone and the phones of many other funders continue to ring with new deals. And while the majority of cases Parabellum sees are single case funding, there is increasingly demand for portfolio funding. Weisman also noted that there is opportunity in the smaller end of the market, which larger funders can’t focus on due to opportunity cost or LTV reasons. Doug Gruener added that average deal size has indeed trended upwards over the past few years, primarily due to a recent influx in mass tort investments. Nine-figure deals are not uncommon in today’s funding environment. Also, the cost of legal services goes up every year, especially in an inflationary environment, which of course necessitates larger and larger case investments. Charles Schmerler of Pretium noted that pricing is up, but that is relative to the previously muted pricing.  Funders are now able to underwrite in ways that are more sensible, in terms of what investors are looking for. Moderator Andrew Langhoff then asked if demand is up, AUM is up, pricing is up, why are funders having issues raising capital? David Gallagher responded that just because a handful of market participants are having trouble, that doesn’t imply systemic risk. In fact, it underlines the sustainability of the industry, given that specific operators can have problems and the rest of the industry still grows. Charles Schmerler added that in any economy, there will be idiosyncratic distress. This will impact the market. Things shake out, and for funders to succeed, they need to understand what sophisticated investors in the market are looking for. There can be a disconnect there—funders need to understand investors’ needs and exit strategies. The question then turned to duration risk—is this what is causing hesitation amongst LPs? Doug Gruener stated firmly that he’s found that duration risk is not the issue, rather it’s the broader state of the market that is causing some investors to sit on the sidelines, perhaps due to a ‘risk-off’ approach. Another factor that doesn’t help is the age of the industry—this is the 5th annual IMN event, after all—so that FOMO that existed in year one simply doesn’t exist anymore. Reid Zeising of Gain did stress duration risk as an issue, however. “Lesson 101 in Finance,” he reminded, is that “asset and liability should match duration. If you extend your liability beyond your asset, that is the number one way to get in trouble.” Other parts of the discussion centered around regulation (“The Chamber of Commerce is the shill of the Insurance Industry,” according to Reid Zeising), secondaries (“There were a large number of investments made five to seven years ago, so the opportunity is ripe both on the demand side and supply side,” says Doug Gruener), and disclosure (“In the space of disclosure, if both sides could have a reasonable discussion, it might work. But we’re not in a space where both sides can have that discussion,” claims Charles Schmerler). Overall, the first panel at IMN covered a broad range of topics impacting the Litigation Finance sector in 2023. It was a robust and well-rounded discussion, and set the table for subsequent panels which dove deeper into the topics touched upon here.   *Editor's Note: An earlier version of this article incorrectly stated that David Gallagher noted that new commitments by funders are now falling. Mr. Gallagher in fact stated they are rising. We regret the error. 

What is a better investment, Commercial or Consumer Legal Funding? (1 of2)

Executive Summary
  • Consumer legal funding is a much more consistent and predictable asset class
  • Headline risks, while real in the earlier days of the industry’s evolution, are now consistent with more mature consumer finance asset classes
  • Consumer legal funding has a strong ESG component through the social benefits provided to the segment of society that relies on it the most
Slingshot Insights:
  • On a risk-adjusted basis, factoring in volatility and predictability of returns, the pre-settlement advance industry outperforms the commercial legal finance industry
  • Duration predictability, return rates and loss rates are the main factors for out-performance
  • Investors would be mistaken to overlook the consumer legal finance market in assessing various non-correlated investment asset classes
  • As with any asset class, manager selection is critical to investment success
As an investor and institutional advisor in the legal finance market, I am always searching for the best risk-adjusted returns I can find, constantly weighing the pros and cons of each subsegment within the legal finance sector and comparing those to other investment markets (private equity, private credit, other liquid or private alternatives, public markets, etc.).  For the purpose of this article, I am mainly drawing comparisons between the commercial litigation finance market and the consumer legal funding market, but readers should be aware that there are a myriad of different sub-segments in both commercial and consumer legal finance markets, each of which have their own unique risk/reward characteristics. As such, the conclusions drawn herein may not be appropriate for other segments of the consumer or commercial legal funding markets and are mainly in relation to the US PSA market. One of my earliest investments in the legal finance market was in consumer legal funding, specifically the Pre-Settlement Advance (“PSA”) or Pre-Settlement Loan (“PSL”) market, the difference being predicated on whether the investment is non-recourse or recourse, respectively. The consumer legal funding market is actually broader than just the PSA market, as the graphic below depicts, but PSA continues to represent the lion’s share of the consumer segment.  The medical lien or receivable segment of consumer is closely associated with the PSA market as it is derived from the same accidents that give rise to many of the PSA claims, making both markets symbiotic, albeit very different in nature.  Many of the other consumer segments are much earlier-stage in their evolution and have not achieved nearly the same critical mass as PSA, nonetheless, it is important to keep an eye on these sectors. Topology of Consumer Legal Finance The reason I decided to invest in the PSA market was first and foremost because I found an operating business and management team that I thought had their ethical compass pointed to true north. Secondly, I was able to satisfy myself that the consumers and law firms who relied on this source of financing viewed the business as being a strong, well-respected operator, buttressed by the fact that the business was over five times the size of the next largest competitor, and had achieved its growth organically (i.e. no acquisitions). Their low loss rates (<2%) also signaled that management performed well as underwriters and active managers of the portfolio. Despite the strength of the specific manager in which I ultimately invested, one of my hesitations to investing in the market was derived from some negative articles about competitors, and rumours of a number of nefarious players that were charging exorbitant rates of interest.  In addition, many of the institutions with which I interface were constantly referencing the headline risk of the market. Accordingly, before I invested, I took a deeper dive into the industry with a focus on the following risk factors to satisfy myself that there was nothing significant that would impact the outcome of my investment and my ability to exit my position when the time was right. Headline Risk  One of the first risks that comes up as you speak to institutions, which generally shy away from consumer legal finance, is the concept of “headline risk”. Headline risk is simply the risk associated with the investors’ brand being tarnished as a result of their portfolio companies’ names being involved in negative press associated either with the industry or the portfolio companies’ customers or regulators.  Institutional investors hate headline risk because it may reflect badly on their own brand, and can cause their investors to call into question their judgment, and taken to the extreme, it could end their investor relationships along with the associated fee revenue. Accordingly, in their minds, nothing good comes from headline risk and so they avoid it like the plague. But every investment has some headline risk, so it becomes a question of severity. To understand the severity of headline risk in the PSA market, it is first important to understand how the market has evolved.  The PSA market really started in the 90s in reaction to a need in the marketplace for funding. The reality for many Americans (generally of a lower socio-economic status) at that time, and arguably today as well, is that if they are in a car accident (the typical scenario), they are left to their own devices to deal with the economic fallout and in collecting from insurance companies.  Insurance companies are generally not the best businesses to negotiate with due to their economic advantages.  In short, insurers have time, money and lawyers on their side. All of which the typical injured party does not have.  Without financial support, these injured parties were really at the mercy of the insurance industry. The thing about the insurance industry is that they have a strong economic motivation to deny claims and settle for as little as possible, which is the polar opposite to the underlying purpose of insurance.  To offset this strong economic motivation, insurers are also motivated by being compliant with their state regulators and they are ultimately reliant on recurring revenue through their brand and their reputations in the market. Unfortunately, not many consumers actually diligence their insurance companies when they buy insurance; they simply go for the ‘best price’. The consequence of selecting ‘best price’ is that this leaves the insurance company with less return with which to settle your claim, which ultimately damages the consumer’s ability to collect on their insurance.  So, without the ability to have proper legal representation and recognizing that the accident may have compromised the injured party’s livelihood (health, income, medical expenses, etc.), the injured party is left in a position to accept whatever the insurance company offered and move on with their lives regardless of how painful that was. Enter the funders…. Many of the funders became aware of this inherent inequity in the market through the legions of personal injury lawyers that operate in the US.  These lawyers have a front row seat to exactly what is happening in the personal injury market and the extent to which the injured party is taken advantage of by the insurer, or the extent to which the injured party is settling prematurely due to their economic circumstances.  The entire funder market really started with lawyers providing these loans to other lawyers’ clients, and then evolved into a business as entrepreneurs recognized the total addressable market and the opportunity set …. and this is when the problems started. In the early days of any industry, the opportunity looks so promising that it attracts those that are myopic in their perspective, and they want to make as much profit as they can in as little time as they can.  This is especially true for financial markets that interface with the consumer – payday loans, subprime auto, second and third mortgages, etc.  PSA is no different in that it is a financing solution that pertains to the consumer, although it has a distinct difference from most other financing solutions in that it is non-recourse in nature.  In the case of the PSA market, the consumer is typically in a difficult situation and traditional lenders will not provide financing because of the poor risk of the plaintiff (other than perhaps credit cards, if available), whether due to their past credit history or due to the economic consequences of the injury they sustained. Where you have a financing solution facing a consumer that usually has no other alternatives, you will tend to find abuse, and this is exactly what happened in the early days of the industry.  Many studies have been undertaken that showed effective internal rates of returns, between interest rates and fees, of 40-80% and sometimes even higher.  In essence, this was a consequence of a relatively small number of highly entrepreneurial funders that were trying to maximize their returns while providing a service to the market.  The problem with this is threefold: (i) it leaves a ‘bad taste in the mouths’ of consumers because they feel they are not being treated fairly and that they have been abused no worse than the abuse they are trying to avoid from the insurance companies, (ii)  these same consumers that feel they have been abused will run to their local newspapers (or online outlets) to ‘out’ the bad behaviour of the funder, and hence create the dreaded ‘headline risk’, and (iii) the same consumers may start to approach their elected representatives about their bad experiences which gives rise to regulatory risk. And this is exactly what happened. Here comes regulation … and the market starts to bifurcate…. Recognizing that the behaviour described above is not good for business and is not good for the reputation of the industry, certain individuals in the industry decided to organize and ultimately created two associations, (i) the Alliance for Responsible Consumer Legal Funding (ARC) and (ii) the American Legal Finance Association (ALFA).  The genesis of these associations was to protect the consumer from nefarious funders through education, to protect the industry through self-regulation and to protect the industry from the opposition (mainly the insurance companies who stood to lose from the solutions provided by the PSA).  Accordingly, over the course of the following years, lobby efforts were organized, educational materials were provided to the consumer, consumer testimonials were created, and standards were created for the benefit of the consumer and thereby for the benefit of the industry. The industry itself is not opposed to regulation, per se; in fact, regulation could be the best thing that ever happened to the industry, if implemented correctly. The industry needed a voice in the conversation to ensure regulation was not driven solely by insurance lobbyists, which are very active in the PSA regulatory conversation, but intended for the protection of consumers and for the protection of the industry – the two parties who stand to benefit the most from a healthy industry. In some cases this has worked out well and in some case regulation has served to effectively destroy the industry in specific states, because the regulations made it uneconomic to run businesses profitably and in a way that provides an appropriate risk adjusted return for investors. The hyperlinked article above relates to regulation passed in the state of West Virginia that capped the rates of interest at 18% (no compounding allowed), which are below typical credit card rates of interest.  Arkansas has similarly capped rates at 17%.  This was done under the guise of protecting the consumer, but the PSA market no longer exists in the state of West Virginia, and so I am left scratching my head as to how regulation has helped protect the consumer when it has destroyed the economics of the industry which represents the sole solution to the problem.  In fact, what it does is protect the insurance industry, and I’m willing to bet the insurance lobby was hard at work behind the scenes crafting the bill.  The article references that 10% of all funding investments result in a nil outcome for the funder as the cases are either dismissed or lost at trial. While 10% strikes me as being quite high (although the extensive study cited below references a 12% default rate for one funder), it may result from frivolous cases being brought in the first place, something funding underwriters strive to avoid because it impacts their returns. In addition, there is anecdotal evidence that funders get less than contracted amounts in 30-40% of cases, similar to what was found in the Avraham/Sebok study referenced below. Even at half the default rates, a 5% loss of principal (not including the associated lost accumulated interest) off of an 18% return profile results in a 13% gross return after losses, factor in a conservative 10% cost of capital (15% is not out of norms for smaller funders with less diversified portfolios) and the funder has 3% to both run their business and produce a profit for shareholders. Needless to say, the funding market did not find that attractive and left both the market and the consumer ‘high and dry’ which then allows the insurers to swoop in and keep abusing the consumer by delaying and denying payments. Not exactly what we pay our (handsomely, taxpayer compensated) elected representatives to do, is it? As the industry started to self-regulate and individual states started to proactively regulate, the early movers in the industry began to find that the easy money was slowly disappearing, and either exited the industry or had tarnished their own brands’ reputations. In essence, the industry bifurcated into what I will refer to as the “Professionals” and the “Entrepreneurs”, like many industries before it.  The Entrepreneurs went on with a ‘business as usual’ attitude and likely were unable to significantly scale their businesses due to reputational issues, but were still able to provide sufficient returns to merit continuing their businesses, along with the occasional headline. The Professionals embraced and pushed for self-regulation and a seat at the table where individual states were considering regulation. They further started to professionalize their own organizations by embracing industry standards from the associations, embracing best practices and policies to govern their own operations, and by increasing the level of transparency with consumers. Having built a reputable organization with a strong foundation, these businesses then started focusing on scaling to attract a lower cost of capital where they can then re-invest the incremental profits into their businesses and lower costs to the consumer, either as a result of the benefits of economies of scale, competition or regulation, and thereby become more competitive.  Today, some of the larger competitors in the industry have portfolios of hundreds of million of dollars of fundings outstanding, they are attracting private equity capital, and they are raising capital from the securitization markets, which are typically the domain of very conservative institutional investors. These efforts to become more institutional have served them well in terms of increasing their scale, and hence increasing their marginal profitability, lowering their cost of funds to benefit both their operating margins and the cost to the consumer.  In doing so, they have effectively broadened the investor base for their operating platforms and the value of their enterprises because they have shed the negative stigma associated with the early days of the industry. Today, these enterprises are highly sophisticated organizations that understand at a deep level how to effectively & efficiently originate, underwrite and finance their businesses to provide a competitive product in the face of a regulating industry. This positions them well long-term, while the Entrepreneurial operators become more marginalized, from a consumer perspective, a commercial perspective and a capital perspective. In part 2 of this article, I will discuss the underlying economics of the pre-settlement advance subsegment, the status of regulation and some thoughts on how the market continues to evolve and why institutional investors are increasingly getting involved. Slingshot Insights  I have often wondered why institutional investors quickly dismissed the consumer legal finance asset class solely due to headline and regulatory risk.  I came to the conclusion that the benefits of diversification are significant in legal finance, and so this factor alone makes consumer legal finance very attractive.  Digging beneath the surface you will find an industry that is predicated on social justice (hence, strong ESG characteristics), and while there has and continues to be some bad actors in the industry, there has been a clear bifurcation in the market with the ‘best-in-class’ performers having achieved a level of sophistication and size that has garnered interest from institutional capital as evidenced by the large number of securitizations that have taken place over the last few years (7 by US Claims alone).  This market has yet to experience significant consolidation, and recent interest rate increases have likely had a negative impact on smaller funders’ earnings and cashflow, which may present an impetus to accelerate consolidation in the sector. As always, I welcome your comments and counter-points to those raised in this article.  Edward Truant is the founder of Slingshot Capital Inc. and an investor in the consumer and commercial legal finance industry.  Slingshot Capital inc. is involved in the origination and design of unique opportunities in legal finance markets, globally, investing with and alongside institutional investors. Disclosure: An entity controlled by the author is an investor in the consumer legal finance sector.

Funding and the Future of Climate Litigation

Few areas of litigation funding are projected to grow as steadily as environmental and climate litigation, with landmark high-value settlements in the last few years demonstrating the scale of opportunities for commercial funders in the coming years. An in-depth feature article by The Financial Times dives into the world of climate litigation and the sources of funding behind it, illustrating the opportunities and challenges facing funders who are fuelling what may be the biggest wave of environmental lawsuits we have ever seen. To illustrate the scale of funders’ involvement in climate litigation, the article highlights the class action against PTTEP Australasia, which saw 15,000 Indonesian farmers win a £102 million settlement for damages caused by PTTEP’s oil spill.  Harbour Litigation Funding provided over £17 million in capital to see the class action through to its successful resolution, and earned a return of £43 million on its investment. Whilst the portion of the award that the funder took home was significant, Harbour’s senior director of legal finance, Stephen O’Dowd, highlighted how risky the case was to fund in the first place, saying that “everybody thought we were mad for funding the claim”. The article also explores a growing trend in ESG litigation that has seen a wider variety of cases brought, including those against companies failing to disclose their true environmental impacts, alongside investor-led lawsuits targeting corporates over their own ESG standards. Woodsford’s chief executive, Steven Friel, stated that the funder has been actively seeking litigation opportunities focusing on ESG breaches, with an increasing focus on “working towards the ‘E’ in ESG”. However, the enthusiasm and rampant opportunities for environmental litigation is not leading funders to abandon their core principles of careful risk management and due diligence when it comes to case selection. LCM’s chief executive, Patrick Moloney, highlighted that whilst the funder is carefully watching the space, “not a lot of litigation has actually been brought that would meet the criteria we need.” Luis Macedo, senior case manager at Nivalion, also emphasized that funders “do not want to be seen as a speculative investor.” With commercial funders unlikely to pursue the riskier cases or those broaching new and untested areas of law, Adam Heppinstall, KC of Henderson Chambers, suggested that we could see “NGOs being ever more creative and spending ever [greater] amounts of money.” Robert Hanna, managing director of Augusta Ventures, concurred with this assessment and noted that the funding of these test climate cases will require “a new breed of investors, who are willing to take these extra risks.”

Risk Averse Investors Adds Pressure to Funders Seeking Capital

The beginning of 2023 saw much speculation that litigation funding was about to enter the next phase of impressive growth, fueled by a rise in litigation that often accompanies an economic downturn, and the associated need for outside capital as legal budgets are tightened. However, it has recently been emphasized that funders are not insulated from the same troubles faced by financial markets, and as a result, not all funders will be able to fully benefit from future opportunities. An article in Bloomberg Law explores the current difficulties faced by commercial funders, highlighting the recent financial struggles of Lionfish, and last week’s announcement of layoffs at Validity Finance following a reduction in investment from its backer, TowerBrook Capital. Looking at the uncertain market conditions, Omni Bridgeway’s co-chief information officer Matt Harrison suggested that many funders may not survive the current economic instability, saying that “they don’t have the money available to them to invest in cases and in law firms.” David Perla, co-chief operating officer at Burford Capital, highlighted that the long delay between investment and return may be causing hesitancy among investors being asked to provide capital to a funder’s third or fourth round of financing. Perla argued that it is difficult to sell investors on further capital injections without being able to demonstrate success, explaining that “if you’re on fund three or four and you’re not doing well, you can’t sell the mystery anymore.” In an environment where it is increasingly difficult for businesses to raise capital, one of the major issues for litigation funders is the level of risk that investors see in the proposition. Charles Agee, CEO of Westfleet Advisors, explained the issue succinctly: “There’s been a pullback from risk assets, and litigation is definitely seen as a risk asset.”

LexCapital and ASMEL Finalize Contract for Litigation Funding Services to Local Authorities in Italy

As LFJ reported last month, the Italian litigation funding market experienced an exciting new development, as a startup Italian funder announced a partnership with a local association to provide funding for litigation on behalf of its partner institutions. A month later, it appears that the partnership is moving ahead, as it has been reported that the contractual deal for ongoing litigation funding arrangements between LexCapital and ASMEL has been finalized. Reporting in Legalcommunity.it reveals that the contract for litigation funding agreements between LexCapital and ASMEL, which represents over 4,000 local authorities in Italy, has been agreed upon. The article states that the contract governing these future funding activities was structured by CMS Law’s public finance group, led by Domenico Gaudiello and Domenico Musso. The agreement will allow ASMEL to promote LexCapital’s funding and litigation expertise services to all the associated local authorities, using this standardized approach. As reported last month, the local authorities will be able to transfer the dispute rights for active and passive cases to LexCapital, who will cover the legal costs and take a portion of any financial award if the dispute is successful.

TowerBrook Capital Cuts Investment with Validity; Funder to Lay Off Over Half its Staff

Private equity firm TowerBrook Capital was Validity Finance's primary investor in the firm's 2018 launch. However, TowerBrook has announced that it will cease to continue funding Validity due to a perceived lack of enterprise value, this despite Validity's high internal rate of return (34%). Bloomberg reports that New York-based Validity plans to slash staff from 20 down to 7-10. The funder has already let six employees go, with more layoffs to come. Validity CEO Ralph Sutton says the funder will focus on IP claims going forward, as those have been the most profitable, with the funder having “won” all of its eight completed patent investments.

Sutton claims he has received $50MM of capital commitments out of a total $100MM fundraise he is seeking to finance future IP litigation. For its part, TowerBrook will remain a minority investor in Validity, and maintain its commitment to the cases it has already funded.

According to Sutton, TowerBrook does not want to sell its stake in Validity's cases, viewing Validity's IRR as strong overall. The investor is simply concerned about a potential exit from the funder over the coming years, given the lack of enterprise value over anything beyond the portfolio of cases Validity manages.

Currently, Validity has invested more than $400MM in nearly 75 cases, with the portfolio having fully resolved 13 of those, and returned more than the principal investment in 12 of those 13.

RORO CAR SHIPPERS FAIL IN THEIR ATTEMPT TO LAUNCH UK SUPREME COURT APPEAL OF CARTEL CLASS ACTION CERTIFICATION

In a huge boost to the hopes of millions of UK consumers who stand to gain from a Woodsford-funded collective action against five large shipping companies who engaged in an anticompetitive cartel, the UK Supreme Court announced yesterday that it had refused to allow a further appeal against certification of the collective action to proceed.

In 2018, the European Commission (EC) fined the international shipping companies a total of EUR 395 million for their participation in a cartel between 18 October 2006 and 6 September 2012.

The EC found that the companies fixed prices, rigged bids and allocated the market for roll-on, roll-off (“RoRo”) transport of vehicles into Europe. According to the EC, the companies had agreed to maintain the status quo in the market and to respect each other’s ongoing business on certain routes, or with certain customers, by quoting artificially high prices or not quoting at all in tenders for vehicle manufacturers.

The claim, which seeks compensation significantly in excess of £100 million, is one of the first to be heard in the UK’s Competition Appeal Tribunal (CAT), which ruled earlier in 2022 that a collective proceedings order (CPO) could be launched on behalf of U.K. consumers and businesses that allegedly paid inflated prices due to the actions of the cartel.

Affected cars include passenger cars and light commercial vehicles such as vans, which represent over 80% of all new car and van purchases in the UK. Examples of affected cars include Ford, Vauxhall, Volkswagen, Peugeot, BMW, Mercedes, Nissan, Toyota, Citroën and Renault.

The CAT action was filed on behalf of the class by consumer rights champion, Mark McLaren. Financed by Woodsford, McLaren is represented by Sarah Ford KC, Emma Mockford and Sarah O'Keeffe of Brick Court Chambers, instructed by Scott + Scott UK.

Woodsford’s Chief Executive Officer, Steven Friel commented: "This is an important milestone for this case specifically, and also for promotion of collective redress in the UK more generally. Woodsford is dedicated to holding corporate wrongdoers to account and helping deliver access to justice. We are proud to support Mr. McLaren, who is now much closer to obtaining compensation for the millions of affected car purchasers.”

Hugh Tait, the Senior Investment Officer leading the case for Woodsford, commented: “This is a great success for consumer redress in the UK, and I am proud of Woodsford’s significant part in it. Woodsford is now clearly established as the most successful ESG and litigation finance business in this area of UK collective redress. My only regret is that big corporate defendants continue to use their significant legal and financial resource to fight technical arguments, with the goal of delaying compensation payments to consumers. “

Impacted customers can find further information about the case at https://www.cardeliverycharges.com/

A detailed case study can be found here.

About Woodsford

Since 2010 Woodsford has been helping to hold corporates to account for their egregious behaviour. Whether it is helping consumers achieve collective redress, ensuring that inventors and universities are properly compensated when Big Tech infringes intellectual property rights, or helping shareholders in collaborative, escalated engagement up to and including litigation with listed companies, Woodsford is committed to ESG and access to justice. Working with most of the world’s leading law firms, our strength lies in the combination of our legal experience, investment, business and technical expertise, together with significant financial resources.

Interviews, photos and biographies available on request.

Omni Bridgeway Announces Completion of Fund 1 Secondary Market Transaction

Omni Bridgeway Limited (Omni Bridgeway, Company, OBL) (ASX: OBL) announces that the sale of a participation in Fund 1 to Gerchen Capital Partners (GCP) has completed and the Initial Payment of US$38.0 million has been received and distributed as set out in our announcement dated 11 May 2023.  Further, the residual interest in Fund 1, previously owned by the original investor, has been purchased by Fund 4, such that the original investor no longer retains any interest in Fund 1.  The continuing investors in Fund 1 will be GCP and OBL.

Panthera Resources Agrees to Due-Diligence Deadline Extension with LCM Funding SG

As LFJ reported in February of this year, the gold exploration and development company, Panthera Resources, entered into an arbitration funding agreement (AFA) with Litigation Capital Management’s subsidiary, LCM Funding SG Pty Ltd. The agreement, which is set to provide Panthera with $10.5 million for a claim against the Indian government, is still being finalized pending further due diligence by LCM. Reporting by Sharecast provides an update on the AFA as Panthera Resources announced that it had agreed to an additional one-month deadline extension for LCM to fully complete its detailed due-diligence. Panthera stated that it did not expect further deadline extensions, and that once this due-diligence process was complete, Panthera and LCM would be able to finalize a funding confirmation notice. The claim in question focuses on allegations that the Indian government had breached the Australia-India Bilateral Investment Treaty. Commenting on the deadline extension, Panthera’s board stated: “In addition to pursuing a potential claim against the Republic of India for breaches of its obligations under the Australia-India Bilateral Investment Treaty, the company continues to pursue an amicable resolution of the dispute, and the grant of the Bhukia Prospecting License. In this regard, the company remains in advanced discussions with a potential joint venture partner pending the resolution of the LFA.”

Delaware District Court Rules in Favor of Compelling Plaintiff to Disclose Details of Financial Interests

Whilst state legislatures across the US continue to debate and advance legislation to mandate the disclosure of litigation funding in civil cases, in most jurisdictions the power to order disclosure still sits with individual courts and judges. This has been most frequently demonstrated in the area of patent litigation, and we now have yet another example from the Delaware District Court, where the court ruled in favour of compelling disclosure of financial interests. In a blog post on Lexology, Stanley M. Gibson, partner at Jeffer Mangels Butler & Mitchell, provides analysis on the district court’s ruling in Speyside Medical, LLC v. Medtronic CoreValve LLC et al, which granted the defendant’s motion to compel the plaintiff to provide information on its members and litigation funder. Medtronic had argued that the disclosure of this information was pertinent to the case, as it would bring to light any issues or biases caused by parties having a financial interest in the litigation’s outcome. The district court agreed with the defendant’s argument, and stated that the details of who has a financial stake in the case were “relevant to bias for purposes of future cross-examination” of the plaintiff’s members. Furthermore, the court ruled that the exact level of financial stake was relevant to this issue, explaining that a “1% stake will have a different impact on a witness than a 98% stake”.  Gibson notes that this information is most useful in providing context for the court in terms of what ‘winning’ the case would mean for each party, and as to the level of financial reward they could seek from recovery if successful.

Louisiana Senator Makes Case for Litigation Funding Disclosure Bill

As LFJ reported last week, Louisiana has become the latest state in the US to advance new legislation that more closely regulates third-party litigation financing and increases disclosure requirements for funders operating in the state. With the bill making its way through the Louisiana legislature, the bill’s sponsor has spoken out in support of the proposed law and offered an argument for its necessity. In an op-ed published in the Shreveport Times, State Senator Barrow Peacock puts forward his argument that litigation funders are currently ‘using the civil justice system as an investment tool’, without any requirement that they disclose their involvement in cases. Sen. Peacock also suggests that the involvement of funders creates conflicts of interest between the claimant and their legal counsel, as he claims that the attorney’s salaries ‘are coming from the pockets of third-party financiers’, which supposedly allows a funder to exert control over the litigation. Sen. Peacock also includes the now common refrain from critics of the litigation finance industry, that third-party funding is a vehicle for foreign interests to undermine US national security. The op-ed concludes by not only asking readers to contact their state representatives to support Senate Bill 196, but also implores them to contact their representatives at the federal level to push for Congress to enact similar legislation that would mandate litigation funding disclosure nationwide.

LLS-Funded Class Action Enlists Hayne Royal Commission Barrister

For litigation funders, it is imperative that any legal action they choose to finance not only has a strong theory of the case to win, but also is paired with the best legal representation possible. This is especially true in high value class actions that may proceed to trial, such as the ongoing shareholder class action in Australia being brought against a prominent wealth management company over alleged failures to disclose misconduct. Reporting by the Australian Financial Review reveals that the class action being brought against Insignia Financial has enlisted the services of barrister Michael Hodge KC, who comes highly regarded having assisted the Hayne Royal Commission in 2018 as counsel. The investor class action, which is being led by Shine Lawyers and financed by Litigation Lending (LLS), is set to proceed to trial in Federal Court from June 5, with an expected duration of around five weeks. The class action representing shareholders who bought Insignia shares between March 1, 2014 and July 7, 2015, is centered on allegations that Insignia failed to disclose misconduct. This included conflicts of interest and insider trading, which led in turn to shareholders suffering financial losses.  Craig Allsop, joint head of class actions at Shine Lawyers, claimed that “the company breached its continuous disclosure obligations and misled its shareholders.” Insignia’s own spokesperson provided a statement saying that “Insignia Financial will vigorously defend the claim and is looking forward to having the matter heard and determined.”

Legalization of Litigation Funding in Ireland Remains on the Distant Horizon

Whilst it is routinely stated that litigation funding is on the rise both in adoption and volume of activity around the world, there are still numerous jurisdictions where it has struggled to take hold, and others where it is actively prohibited under the law. One such country that is viewed as lagging other jurisdictions in terms of legalization and adoption is Ireland, where future law reforms do not appear to be arriving any time soon. An insights article by Dentons provides an overview of the current state of legislative reform regarding litigation funding in Ireland, highlighting that any potential changes to the law will not occur before the Law Reform Commission Review of third-party funding is produced in 2024.  The authors note that although some observers expected the new EU Directive on Representative Actions would catalyze more immediate reform in Ireland, recent statements by government ministers suggest that this is not the case. Whilst the Irish government will have to implement the directive’s broad requirements into Irish law, the Department of Justice has made it clear that litigation funding for these actions will not be permitted until separate legislation allows the use of third-party funding for litigation. The article does highlight that there are small areas of progress being made with the Courts and Civil Law Bill 2022 currently making its way through the legislature, which would permit the use of third-party funding in arbitration matters located in Ireland. The authors also point out that supporters for legal reform have a strong argument that it is necessary to modernize the Irish legal system, and would further allow Ireland to take advantage of its position as the only English-speaking common law jurisdiction within the EU.

Advice for Patent Owners Considering Third-Party Funding

Patent infringement lawsuits have become some of the most sought-after targets for litigation funders, despite the increasing pressure from courts in the US to increase disclosure around the involvement of third-party funding. In this contentious environment, it is important for litigants and patent holders seeking third-party funding to keep several factors in mind. An insights article by Lauren Sabol and Lawrence Hoff of Fox Rothschild, provides an overview of key considerations for patent owners when pursuing litigation funding for their infringement cases.  Sabol and Hoff emphasize that in order to begin the process, patent owners should enlist the services of experienced patent and litigation funding counsel before approaching funders with their case. They suggest that this kind of specialist counsel makes it more likely that patent owners will obtain a funding agreement with favourable terms, and enter into an agreement with full knowledge of the potential issues that can arise during litigation. Sabol and Hoff also highlight the ongoing issues around disclosure that have been brought to the forefront by Judge Connolly in Delaware, and note that whilst disclosure requirements vary from state to state, patent owners should always be prepared to, at the very least, disclose the existence of third-party funding. In addition, they note that proper care must be taken to ensure that privileged or confidential information cannot be exposed, primarily by using NDAs that counsel can assist patent owners with.

Delhi High Court Provides Favorable Ruling to Funder in Costs Liability Appeal

As litigation funding continues to expand into newer markets, a key issue that funders will be keeping an eye on is the creation of precedents from court judgements and rulings that relate to the use of third-party funding, as well as any norms that are established in these cases. In a market that has enormous potential for growth, as India does, funders who are considering entering the market will be pleased by a recent ruling which suggests a limited scope for funder liability in unsuccessful claims. An article by Bar and Bench provides an overview of a recent judgement from arbitration proceedings in the Delhi High Court, which found Tomorrow Sales Agency (TSA), a litigation funder, is shielded from liability in the case, “which they have neither undertaken nor are aware of.” This ruling related to the case of Tomorrow Sales Agency Private Limited v. SBS Holding, Inc and Ors, in which SBS Holding had asked the court to order TSA to pay its legal costs, after TSA’s client had failed in its claims against SBS Holding. SBS Transpole, the claimant which TSA had funded, was unsuccessful in its arbitration against SBS Holding. However, SBS Transpole did not have the capital or assets to pay the tribunal’s award against it. SBS Holding’s request to force TSA to cover this award was appealed and finally rejected by the Delhi High Court, which found that “there are no rules applicable to proceedings in this court for awarding costs against third parties.” The High Court’s ruling will be of further interest to funders, as it emphasized the importance of third-party funding to the judicial system and stated “A person without the necessary means would have no recourse, in the absence of third-party funders. Third party funders play a vital role in ensuring access to justice.”

Legal Experts Share Guide to Choosing the Right Litigation Funder

The expansion of litigation funding around the globe and the concurrent increase in the number of funders has meant that there are now more options than ever for litigants or law firms seeking third-party funding. However, that increased choice also means that it will become harder for first-time users of litigation funding to know which funder would be the best partner for them. An article for the Concurrences journal by Marc Barennes of Bureau Brandeis and Miguel Sousa Ferro of Milberg Sousa Ferro, provides a guide to those seeking litigation funding on what factors they should consider when evaluating different funders. The article offers prospective users of third-party funding the necessary framework for choosing the right funder, outlining some of the key questions to ask during the process, and what considerations to keep in mind before making a final decision. The detailed and comprehensive article includes useful information on the following topics:
  • Approaching the right number of funders
  • Understanding who the funder is
  • Asking about the investment decision-making process
  • Agreeing on the timeline
  • Inquiring about the experience, expertise and appetite of the funder for a case
  • Understanding the financial criteria and expectations of the funder
  • Special considerations for the funding of class actions
Barennes and Sousa Ferro suggest that with the increasing maturation of the litigation funding market, the increased competition between funders will allow prospective clients to take a more comparative approach to find the best option for their case. Above all the factors to consider, the authors encourage potential users of litigation funding to be proactive in asking questions and gathering information before making a final decision. The full journal article can be found here.

An Overview of Third-Party Funding in Mainland China

The global growth of litigation funding has funders, law firms and other interested parties all looking to see where the next major market could be for the widespread adoption of third-party funding. Whilst individual jurisdictions such as India or broader regional markets like Latin America are often discussed, one market that remains enticing, yet illusive, is mainland China. A new article for Global Arbitration Review by Heng Wang, partner at Global Law Office, provides a detailed overview of the current state of third-party funding (TPF) in mainland China and offers key takeaways for those interested in exploring this market. Wang’s analysis suggests that ‘Chinese courts take a similar approach to TPF for arbitration as international practice’, with it being permitted but with an expectation that parties involved in such arbitration will disclose TPF arrangements to avoid conflicts of interest. However, Wang emphasizes that whilst the permissibility of TPF in arbitration has repeatedly been confirmed in courts, there is less certainty over the legality of litigation funding.  Highlighting a case in Shanghai in 2017, Wang notes that whilst the courts confirmed there was no prohibition against litigation funding in Chinese law, the funding agreement itself was ruled to be ‘contrary to public policy and good morals, and invalid’. Yet in other cases the courts have come to contradictory conclusions, having ruled in favor of allowing third-party funding agreements and even sided with funders in disputes over unpaid returns. Wang concludes that there are clearly contradictory and divergent outcomes for the third-party funding of litigation specifically, with little sign of a consistent policy from the courts towards the practice. Importantly, Wang emphasizes that no cases involving the legality of TPF have come before the Supreme People’s Court, which does leave the door open to its use being more widely affirmed or prohibited in the future.

Omni Bridgeway’s Giacomo Serra Zanetti Discusses Italian Expansion

Despite the looming spectre of potential regulation affecting the litigation funding industry in Europe, it seems that third-party funding is continuing to grow in activity across a wide variety of European jurisdictions. One country that has experienced a surge in new activity is Italy, with domestic startup funders emerging to take advantage of local opportunities, and international established firms, such as Omni Bridgeway, looking to expand their operations into the country. An article by Legalcommunity.it explores the entry of Omni Bridgeway to the Italian market, providing insight into the company’s strategy through an interview with Giacomo Serra Zanetti, who will be leading the funder’s operations in Italy. Serra Zanetti shared that he will be responsible for sourcing investment opportunities in Italy, with Omni Bridgeway looking to explore both domestic disputes and international arbitration cases involving Italian parties or recoveries within the country. Discussing Omni Bridgeway’s targets for clients, Serra Zanetti explained that the funder will primarily focus on establishing relationships with law firms in Italy, but will also look at direct engagements with companies involved in litigation, especially in the bankruptcy and insolvency arena. Emphasising the nuances of the Italian market, Serra Zanetti points out that Italian law firms often have to take a creative approach to align with the financial interests or constraints of their clients. This creates opportunities for a funder like Omni Bridgeway to take that burden off of the law firm and allow it to focus on the litigation itself.

Deminor and Grimaldi Alliance Discuss New Partnership

The relationships between law firms and funders are key to the success of the litigation finance industry, whether around the funding of individual cases or wider-ranging partnerships. Last month saw the announcement of a new approach to this relationship, as litigation funder Deminor and Italian law firm Grimaldi Alliance entered into a global partnership. An article in Legalcommunity.it provides more detail on the partnership between the two companies, featuring comments from Giulia Lovaste, counsel at Grimaldi Alliance, and Giacomo Lorenzo, senior legal counsel at Deminor. Clarifying the exact nature of the partnership, Lorenzo stated that whilst this would not be an exclusive relationship between Deminor and Grimaldi, it is the only partnership of its kind that Deminor has entered into so far.  Lovaste and Lorenzo confirmed that the partnership will allow Grimaldi to present its clients with a range of financing options for their cases, whether that be single case funding or the opportunity for Deminor to purchase the claim outright and thereby allow the client to monetize that claim. Lovaste emphasized that the main advantage of this partnership will be to support its customers in managing the costs of litigation, allowing the client and law firm to focus on managing cases. With the potential for new regulation looming over the industry in Europe, both Lorenzo and Lovaste agreed that whilst regulation could be beneficial by adding credibility and legitimacy to the industry, it will need to be approached in the right way and in collaboration with the existing funding industry.

Louisiana Advances Legislation to Regulate Litigation Funding

The push for increased regulation of litigation financing across several US states has been gaining momentum this year, with new bills announced, and in some states like Montana, those bills being signed into law. This campaign does not appear to be losing steam, as the Louisiana legislature has advanced its own regulatory bill.  An article in Bloomberg Law details the advancement of a bill in the Louisiana legislature that seeks to increase the level of regulation over litigation funding in the state. Compared to similar bills announced or passed in other states, the Louisiana bill goes further in requiring the production and disclosure of litigation finance agreements to the courts within 60 days of being signed. If plaintiffs and their funders do not provide the agreement within the timeframe, the contractual agreement will be deemed unenforceable.  The bill’s sponsor, State Senator Barrow Peacock, has argued that litigation funding has “flourished in the shadows with very minimal oversight”, and repeated the common refrain from the US Chamber of Commerce that litigation funding represents a threat to national security. The Chamber’s senior vice president of legal advocacy argued that the bill does protect the plaintiff and funder’s sensitive information, as the bill gives the court the power to modify any disclosure of the funding agreement to redact proprietary information. Dai Wai Chin Feman, director of commercial litigation strategies at Parabellum Capital, had testified in opposition to the bill during its passage, stating that the concern around national security was “entirely speculative” and described these claims as “careless and baseless accusations without any evidence or facts”. The bill will go to the House as early as next week for further amendments, before being sent back to the Senate, with the bill’s supporters hoping that a mutually agreed draft can be sent on to the governor to be signed into law.

Fortress Management and Mubadala to Acquire Fortress Investment Group

Fortress Investment Group (“Fortress”) and Mubadala Investment Company, through its wholly owned asset management subsidiary Mubadala Capital (“Mubadala Capital”), today announced that they have entered into definitive agreements to acquire 90.01% of the equity of Fortress that is currently held by SoftBank Group Corp. (“SoftBank”), who have been the owners of Fortress since 2017. Terms of the deal were not disclosed, and the deal is subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals. After transaction close, Fortress management is expected to own a 30% equity interest in the company and will hold a class of equity entitling Fortress management to appoint a majority of seats on the board. Mubadala Capital (which currently holds a 9.99% stake in Fortress through its Private Equity Funds II and III), will own 70% of Fortress equity. After the closing, Fortress will continue to operate as an independent investment manager under the Fortress brand, with full autonomy over investment processes and decision making, personnel and operations. Drew McKnight and Joshua Pack will be appointed co-CEOs of Fortress and Pete Briger will be appointed Chairman. Mubadala Capital’s CEO and Managing Director, Hani Barhoush, who has served on Fortress’ board since 2019, will continue to serve on the board. Dean Dakolias will continue in his role as Managing Partner and Tom Pulley will continue in his role as the CEO of the global Fortress Real Estate business. Jack Neumark has been appointed a Managing Partner and will continue to lead the Legal Assets business and co-head the Specialty Finance business, and Marc Furstein will continue in his role as President. Fortress co-Founders Wes Edens and Randy Nardone will continue to oversee the PCV business and remaining PE investments, including Brightline. Under the new joint ownership, Fortress is expected to generate significant value for its stakeholders by further establishing itself in the alternative investment space, particularly in credit and real estate across public and private markets, where it currently manages $46 billion of assets on behalf of more than 1,900 institutional investors and private clients. Fortress is expected to benefit from Mubadala Capital’s global network and extensive portfolio of diversified assets, as well as its access to proprietary investment opportunities to support its growth and expansion. Fortress’ Pete Briger, Drew McKnight and Joshua Pack said in a joint statement: “We are extremely pleased to deepen our relationship with Mubadala, partnering with one of the world’s most sophisticated investors in a transaction that will provide significant long-term benefits to our company, our employees and the clients we serve. We have worked closely with Mubadala for years and have enormous respect for their investment acumen and discipline. We view Mubadala’s further investment as an affirmation of the business model and investment approach we have embraced for more than 20 years, and—at a time when market dynamics are better aligned than ever before with our experience and expertise— we could not be more excited about the future of Fortress.” Hani Barhoush, CEO and Managing Director of Mubadala Capital, said: “Fortress is a world-leading investment manager with a proven track record of delivering superior risk-adjusted returns to its investors throughout business cycles. Over the last 20 years, they have built an incredible franchise and established themselves as a premier credit and asset investor while simultaneously growing investment strategies across a wide range of asset classes. We have a strong existing relationship with Fortress’ exceptional management team, and are excited to deepen the relationship further in the years ahead based on a strong alignment of vision, while delivering even greater value to our investors.” The transaction is expected to close in the first quarter of 2024, subject to regulatory approvals. Ardea Partners served as financial advisors and Shearman & Sterling served as legal counsel to Mubadala. Goldman, Sachs & Co. LLC served as financial advisor and Kirkland & Ellis served as legal counsel to Fortress senior management in the transaction. Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP represented Fortress in the transaction. The Raine Group served as exclusive financial advisor and Morrison Foerster served as legal counsel to SoftBank. About Fortress Investment Group Fortress Investment Group LLC is a leading, highly diversified global investment manager. Founded in 1998, Fortress manages $45.8 billion of assets under management as of December 31, 2022, on behalf of over 1,900 institutional clients and private investors worldwide across a range of credit and real estate, private equity and permanent capital investment strategies. About Mubadala Capital Mubadala Capital is the asset management subsidiary of Mubadala Investment Company, a leading global sovereign investor headquartered in Abu Dhabi. In addition to managing its own balance sheet investments, Mubadala Capital manages c. $20 billion in aggregate across its own balance sheet investments and in third-party capital vehicles on behalf of institutional investors, including four private equity funds, three early-stage venture funds and two funds in Brazil focused on special situations.

Catalonian Fintech Targets Litigation Funding Opportunities in the UK

As litigation funding is predicted to continue its impressive growth, it is perhaps no surprise that beyond the traditional cohort of funders, small fintech companies are starting to look to the sector as a lucrative investment opportunity. Another example has reinforced this trend, as a Spanish fintech is entering the world of litigation funding with a focus on disputes targeting UK banks. Reporting by Fintech Finance News highlights the entry of 11Onze, a community fintech based out of Catalonia, into the world of litigation funding with two tranches of €100,000 investments already raised. Due to the current economic instability that is impacting traditional investments, 11Onze has turned to litigation finance as an avenue to generate financial gains for its community of investors. James Sène, chairman of 11Onze, explained that the fintech’s litigation funds will primarily target litigation around Personal Protection Insurance (PPI) that was wrongly sold to customers by UK banks. Outlining the broader aims of 11Onze’s litigation funds, Sène said that “this not only helps fight for justice; it also offers great returns on your savings above inflation.” Hoping to reassure the 11Onze community around the risks involved with investing in litigation finance, Sène stated that all of the capital involved is being covered by insurance from AM Best.

Legal-Bay Pre-Settlement Funding Announces California’s Possible $3 Billion Payout for Sexual Abuse Victims

Legal-Bay, The Pre Settlement Funding Company, announced today that Los Angeles County is preparing to spend a sizable chunk of their proposed annual budget to resolve the thousands of sexual abuse claims that plaintiffs say they suffered within the walls of state-run institutions. The county's juvenile halls have been the focus for many of the allegations, where a multitude of plaintiffs claim they were verbally, physically, and sexually abused while living within the facilities as minors. The bulk of the cases are due to a recently-enacted state law that extended the statute of limitations for victims of childhood sexual assault to file claims against their abusers. It resulted in a slew of new lawsuits, many from abuses incurred at the MacLaren Children's Center, which Legal-Bay has written about extensively in the past. Los Angeles County has one of the largest budgets in the country, but with upwards of 3000 claims, the state may be looking at anywhere from $1.5 Billion to $3 Billion in order to cover the estimated settlement payouts. The financial repercussions from past crises arrive as the county faces a new wave of problems in its juvenile halls. Conditions in the juvenile halls have become so deplorable that state regulators are considering shutting them down. Chris Janish, CEO of Legal-Bay, said, " If you require an immediate cash advance from your anticipated sexual abuse lawsuit settlement, please visit the company's website HERE or call 877.571.0405. Legal-Bay is an advocate for sexual abuse survivors. They also assist plaintiffs in other types of lawsuits including personal injury, medical malpractice, dog bites, police brutality, commercial litigation, motor vehicle accidents, and more. Their lawsuit funding programs are designed to provide immediate cash in advance of a plaintiff's anticipated monetary award. The non-recourse lawsuit loans—sometimes referred to as loans for lawsuit or loans on settlement—are risk-free, as the money doesn't need to be repaid should the recipient lose their case. Therefore, the lawsuit loan isn't really a loan, but rather a cash advance.

Former MEP Argues Malaysia Dispute Reinforces Need for Litigation Funding Regulation

Ever since the publication of the Voss Report and its recommendations for increased regulation of litigation funding in the EU, there has been much debate about what the future of regulatory oversight should look like for this growing industry. In the absence of any updates on the advancement of the Voss Report’s proposal, critics of third-party funding are reigniting their calls for the EU to act and impose stricter regulations on funders operating in Europe. Writing in an op-ed for Funds Europe, former British MEP Mary Honeyball highlights the recent example of Therium’s funding of the case against the Government of Malaysia by the descendants of the Sultan of Sulu. Honeyball suggests that this case, and its $15 billion arbitral award, underscores the lack of transparency around litigation funding and goes so far as to suggest that “this case harnesses colonial divides for financial gain.” Honeyball goes on to argue that this case, along with other similar activities by litigation funders, are examples of why the EU must move to strictly regulate litigation financing, suggesting that without such regulation, “this risks millions of European consumers becoming pawns in profit-seeking.” Honeyball rejects the idea that self-regulation is sufficient to act as guardrails to the litigation funding industry, and that the EU must not only enact transparency requirements, but use its legislative authority to set appropriate standards for the industry.

LCM-Funded Claim Against DeepMind is Thrown Out by High Court

Representative actions in the UK have often been viewed as strong vehicles for litigation funders to pursue their dual objectives of widening access to justice and delivering significant financial returns on their investments. However, a new ruling from the High Court has demonstrated the risk-on nature of the asset class, as a class action against a Google subsidiary has been thrown out for failing to meet the ‘same interest’ requirement. Reporting by The Law Society Gazette outlines the judgement from Mrs Justice Heather Williams DBE, which denied the request to proceed with a claim against DeepMind over allegations that the company misused the private information of 1.6 million individuals. The action focused on the alleged use of individuals’ medical records which were transferred to DeepMind in 2015, in order to develop a diagnostic and medical records app called Streams. The action, funded by LCM Funding UK Limited, failed to meet the court’s base requirements for a claim to proceed. In her ruling, Williams stated that “This is not a situation in which every member of the Claimant Class, or indeed any given member of the class, has a realistic prospect of establishing a reasonable expectation of privacy in respect of their relevant medical records or of crossing the de minimis threshold in relation to such an expectation.” Furthermore, the judgement went on to emphasize that “it cannot be said of any member of the Claimant Class that they have a viable claim for more than trivial damages for loss of control of their information.”

Patent Lawsuit Funding Back in the Spotlight in Delaware

There may be no area of litigation funding that has attracted more headlines and controversy than the area of intellectual property and patent litigation, particularly in regard to court orders requiring the disclosure of third-party funding and patent ownership. This has been most aptly demonstrated in Delaware, as U.S. Chief District Judge Colm Connolly has pursued a campaign determined to shed more and more light on the involvement of third-party funding in patent lawsuits. Reporting by The Wall Street Journal offers a detailed and comprehensive summary of Judge Connolly’s actions dating back to April 2022, when he first issued a standing order mandating the disclosure of third-party funding arrangements in the lawsuits brought before his court. This has led to numerous back-and-forth disputes with plaintiffs and their attorneys, with the most high profile disputes still ongoing between the court and plaintiffs that are potentially linked to the non-practicing entity, IP Edge.  This saga is expected to evolve further in the coming months, as Judge Connolly has called for a hearing next month in one of these lawsuits, and ordered the disclosure of any records connecting the plaintiff and their attorneys to IP Edge and Maxevar, a patent consulting firm whose principals are also the founders of IP Edge. In an opinion published earlier this month, Judge Connolly provided a severe warning that he has seen evidence “to suggest that Mavexar and its principals may have used Backertop and Ms. LaPray, along with other LLC plaintiffs and their nominal owners, to perpetrate a fraud on this Court.” Maya Steinitz, a law professor at the University of Iowa, told WSJ that the last 12 months of Connolly’s campaign have demonstrated “that there could be situations where there are undisclosed parties who should be considered the real party in interest.”

LEGALPAY LAUNCHES USD 3 MILLION FUND TO FACILITATE SPORTS DISPUTE RESOLUTION INDIA

LegalPay, India’s first and largest litigation financier, is breaking into the world of sports law disputes. In a first, the company has announced the launch of a $3 million fund for sports disputes with a focus on supporting the rights of athletes in India while also addressing disputes pertaining to broadcasting rights, endorsement & advertising aiming to boost the sports industry. With a tenure of four years, the sports focused fund has no limit on the ticket size. Over the past decade the sports industry in India has evolved with the advent of major sporting leagues like IPL, ISL, Pro Kabaddi and IHL. This development has been accompanied by rising number of disputes pertaining to contracts between sports players and other parties, doping policies, harassment in sports, liability with regard to sports injuries, broadcasting rights and conflict of interest regarding the endorsement by players. The fund will be utilized to manage these disputes in the Indian legal sector The company has created a robust and fast process mechanism to run the fund in a fair and swift manner. The company has drafted strict rules and regulations which will govern its use. Talking about this, LegalPay CEO Kundan Shahi states “As the country is evolving towards sports, it is our mission and duty to safeguard the interests of our aspiring athletes. Therefore, LegalPay has launched this fund to provide athlete representation, and legal advice as well as help them with dispute resolution which has to encourage more students to take up sports as a career.” While the spirit of this initiative is effectively encapsulated by Shahi, he goes on to add that this fund will be used in an all-encompassing manner to cover all kinds of disputes in this sector. LegalPay is a Fintech startup that focuses on litigation funding and helps people at large to get access to justice through litigation and arbitration. LegalPay has funded over 2500 litigations and arbitrations across the globe in different jurisdictions. It has a network of 2000+ lawyers who work on different assignments as per their expertise. Shahi stated that through litigation funding, LegalPay will help the athletes by funding their commercial litigations and arbitrations as well as provide them embedded finance for their representation and general legal advice. This fund will ensure that every prospective athlete will have the right to dream big and choose sports as a career in India. About LegalPay LegalPay is India’s 1st Fintech startup that specializes in Legal and debt financing. LegalPay through it’s Litigation Financing and embedded lending product has played a pivotal role in the legal market as it helps businesses and individuals at large to get access to justice. LegalPay has funded over 2500 litigations and arbitrations across the globe in different jurisdictions. It has a network of 2000+ lawyers who work on different assignments as per their expertise. LegalPay has played a monumental role over the last 3 years in the revival of various companies which were undergoing CIRP under IBC, 2016. LegalPay through its own NBFC provides funds to corporate debtors that ranges from Rs. 30 Lakhs to 50 Crores.Currently LegalPay has disbursed more than 100 crores as Interim Finance to 17 different businesses. LegalPay is backed by a strong team which comprises of CAs, Lawyers (Alumni of India’s top-ranking college), MBA ands Economists.

A Mutually Beneficial Approach to Litigation Funding

Discussions around the use of litigation funding often focus on the individual relationships between funders and law firms, or between funders and the claimant, and evaluate these dynamics in isolation. A new blog post takes a step back and looks at the harmonious and mutually beneficial relationship between all three of the core parties, in what it describes as ‘The Litigation Funding Triangle’. An article published on LinkedIn by Mustang Funding examines the funder’s approach to working with clients and law firms, explaining a holistic methodology that is founded on the idea that no funding deal should move forward without the certainty that is wanted by, and beneficial to, all parties.  Mustang begins by noting that one of the core issues that can arise with third-party funding is a situation where litigation is funded and reaches a successful conclusion, but it only amounts to a ‘pyrrhic victory’ where the plaintiff is left with little in terms of financial compensation. Mustang argues that this bare minimum approach to funding is ‘entirely unethical’ and that funders should equally weight both the probability of success and the probability of the claimant receiving tangible financial benefits. Alongside the value to the plaintiff, Mustang points out that the use of funding should also come as a benefit to the law firm involved, thereby allowing counsel to focus on securing the maximum award for their client without concerns about capital shortcomings increasing pressure to reach an early settlement. Mustang concludes by stating that not only must funding be mutually beneficial to all parties, but its use must also be wanted by all parties and not imposed by either the client or counsel without mutual agreement and approval.

Funders and Law Firms Report Increasing Demand for Third-Party Litigation Financing

Over the last year we have seen many predictions that the litigation finance industry will benefit from the current economic uncertainty around the world, with rising inflation and supply chain issues putting a strain on corporate budgets in every sector. A new article suggests that these forecasts were broadly correct, as many funders are reporting an increase in the number of requests for funding. Reporting by Bloomberg Law covers this positive trend for litigation funding, featuring insights from several funders who are finding that potential clients are keen to explore third-party funding to move forward with meritorious litigation. Validity Finance co-founder, David Kerstein, stated that the funder generated its highest volume of leads last quarter, as companies find that it is increasingly difficult to borrow the capital they need from traditional sources.  The article notes that this growing trend is reflected in the actual number of funders now active in the US market, with the International Legal Finance Association now counting over 40 funders offering their services. It is not just funders who are recognizing the receptive environment, with Bob Bodian managing partner at Mintz Levin, reporting that his firm frequently takes advantage of third-party funding for its intellectual property litigation. Burford Capital’s co-chief operating officer, David Pela, highlighted that Burford is also seeing growing interest from law firms that do not regularly use contingency fees, stating that “they very often don’t want to take on the full risk, and that is where litigation finance companies come in.” The demand is not just coming from law firms, but also directly from their clients as these companies are “trying to find other sources of revenue and cut back costs”, according to Rebecca Berrebi, a litigation finance broker and consultant.