The following article is part of an ongoing column titled ‘Investor Insights.’ Brought to you by Ed Truant, founder and content manager of Slingshot Capital, ‘Investor Insights’ will provide thoughtful and engaging perspectives on all aspects of investing in litigation finance. Executive Summary- Despite its size, the Intellectual property (“IP”) asset class has eluded the attention of most asset managers due to its underlying legal complexities
- Litigation finance industry understands the opportunity, but it is solely focused on litigation involving IP
- A void exists in the financing market, which IP-focused Private Credit managers have begun to fill via credit-oriented strategies designed to drive value maximization
Slingshot Insights:- Secular shifts in the economy have made IP assume an increasing share of corporate value
- IP is an emerging asset class that has begun to garner the attention of asset managers and insurers
- There are various IP-centric investment strategies that do not involve litigation.
- IP-focused Private Credit funds approach IP in a holistic fashion, leveraging numerous ways that IP creates value
- Investors need to be aware that investing in IP presents unique risks that warrant input from operational and legal IP specialists
- IP Credit provides a different risk/reward profile for investors, as compared to commercial litigation finance which tends to have more quasi-binary risk
In the part 1 of this two-part series, the relatively nascent asset class of Intellectual Property Private Credit (“IP Credit”) was introduced. That article explored the basic premise of the asset class, discussed some of the financiers in the space and reviewed some of the nuances inherent in the asset class. In part two, we take all of the knowledge gained in part one and apply it to a specific example by exploring a publicly traded company, which used IP Credit on a couple of different occasions with great success. Case Study The details of most IP Private Credit transactions remain private. An illustrative exception involves two prior financings of the once publicly traded cybersecurity company Finjan Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: FNJN) (“Finjan”), known for its technologies related to proactive cybersecurity. At the time of the financings in 2016 and 2017, Finjan had focused significant effort on the licensing of its patent portfolio — to significant monetary success — in addition to other aspects of its business. But because the licensing of intellectual property often requires costly litigation to complement the negotiation process, Finjan, through its bankers, ran a process to identify a strategic capital partner. Potential proceed uses included litigation and general operating expenses, as well as stock repurchases.
Series A Financing (May 20, 2016)
| Investment | Series A Preferred Stock | | Investors | Halcyon/Soryn |
| Amount | $10.2 million | | Terms | - Optional and mandatory redemptive provisions
- Carry participation rights in revenue streams
- Negative Events – Litigation and Treasury events
- Consent to declare dividends
|
Series A1 Financing (June 19, 2017)
| Investment | Series A Preferred Stock | | Investors | Halcyon/Soryn |
| Amount | $15.3 million | | Terms | - Optional and mandatory redemptive provisions
- Carry participation rights in revenue streams
- Negative Events – Litigation and Treasury events
- Consent to declare dividends
|
| | | Redemption Rights | Company option to redeem at lesser of: 1. 2.8 X Original Purchase Price
2. Purchase prices ranging from 1.2375X to 1.575+ times based on time elapsed from date of issuance
3. Receipt of share of proceeds from litigation or licensing which varies based on time elapsed from date of issuance |
Source: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/0001366340/000136634017000059/0001366340-17-000059-index.htm
Based on its prior patent licensing success, Finjan likely had numerous traditional, non-recourse litigation financing offers to choose from. But instead of pursuing the litigation finance route, Finjan pursued the IP Credit path. Finjan secured almost $26mm in financing, via two highly-structured preferred equity transactions. These transactions featured share redemptions tied to litigation and/or patent licensing revenue events, and also contained “Negative Event” features that entitled the capital partner to recover all of their shares upon the occurrence of certain, pre-agreed negative events. As illustrated in the chart above, the capital partner’s potential returns were capped at multiples ranging from 1.25 to almost 3x the original purchase price of the shares, with the range depending mainly on the length of time the capital was outstanding. Finjan ultimately exited both deals. While the exact motivations behind the deal cannot be known, it is easily theorized that the highly-structured and downside protected nature of the IP Credit Deal the company ultimately entered into was favorable in a number of respects compared to the higher cost of capital seen in traditional litigation finance arrangements. Finjan was ultimately acquired by Fortress Investment Group in 2020.
Interplay with IP litigation Of note, and particularly with respect to patents, enforcement litigation is often a necessary tool to resolve licensing disputes or negotiations between IP owners and potential licensees. The reason is that without litigation, a patent owner has no means to force a party that it believes is infringing its IP to the negotiating table. Litigation scenarios thus remain part of the broader IP Private Credit strategy. But such litigations can take different shapes and risk profiles. On one end of the risk spectrum are single event litigations, involving a small number of patents, that represent unattractive and binary risk profiles. On the other end of the spectrum are multi-venue disputes, involving a significant number of patents, brought by entities owning much larger patent portfolios than what is asserted in litigation.
These types of situations (shown above to the right of the arrow) resemble business negotiations moreso than binary litigation, and can be modeled to resolve in a more predictable fashion. By the nature of a credit-oriented investment strategy, an IP-focused Private Credit fund targets the latter opportunity set, whereas the litigation finance market has shown a willingness to fund what we characterize as the riskier, more binary type enforcement situations. Accordingly, while litigation is not necessarily an outcome that results from such an investment, a manager that invests in the sector does need to expect, plan and prepare for litigation as a potential outcome, or at the very least as a means to an end. The idea, as with most litigation, is that ‘saner heads will prevail’ and that a commercially reasonable settlement will be achieved by both parties prior to embarking on expensive litigation. Of course, this means that the onus is on the investor to understand the merits of the case and the plaintiff’s strategic position, potential defenses, procedural activities that could frustrate or delay litigation, and the costs associated therewith. The complexities associated with understanding the value of intellectual property assets, and the complexity of the litigation process, make the sector a highly specialized area for investors who are often best served by investing with or alongside specialist managers.
Slingshot Insights Secular shifts in the economy should be forcing investors to think about value in different ways. It’s indisputable that intellectual property is clearly the basis for technology company valuations, and therefore value must be attributable to IP when considering financing alternatives. While understanding the value inherent in intellectual property can be difficult, fund managers with specific expertise exist to allow investors to allocate capital in an appropriate risk adjusted manner. The fact that the insurance industry is now providing insurance products geared toward intellectual property is a testament to how far the industry has come and how significant the opportunity is, and perhaps much less risky than one would think, if approached prudently. I believe the IP Credit asset class has a bright future, as existing players have had great success producing consistent returns in a sector that one might otherwise believe to be volatile. As always, I welcome your comments and counter-points to those raised in this article.
Edward Truant is the founder of Slingshot Capital Inc. and an investor in the consumer and commercial litigation finance industry. Slingshot Capital inc. is involved in the origination and design of unique opportunities in legal finance markets, globally, investing with and alongside institutional investors.
Soryn IP Capital Management LLC (“Soryn”) is an investment management firm focused on providing flexible financing solutions to companies, law firms and universities that own and manage valuable intellectual property (“IP”) assets. Soryn’s approach employs strategies, including private credit, legal finance, and specialty IP finance, which enable it to invest across a diversity of unique IP-centric opportunities via investments structured as debt, equity, derivatives, and other financial contracts. The Soryn team is comprised of seasoned IP and investment professionals, allowing the firm to directly source opportunities less travelled by traditional alternative asset managers.
