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  • An LFJ Conversation with Ian Coleman, Insurance & Funding Broker, Commercial and General

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An LFJ Conversation with Ian Coleman, Insurance & Funding Broker, Commercial and General

By John Freund |

Ian is a qualified solicitor (non-practicing) in England & Wales. Having been involved in the Legal Expenses Insurance industry since November 1992, he has dealt with Before the Event (BTE) and After the Event (ATE) Legal Expenses Insurance in its various forms.

His work has included underwriting for ATE cover, a number of the early competition claims seeking damages for abusive anti-competitive conduct being brought then both in the High Court and Competition Appeals Tribunal (CAT) in England.

He also underwrote for ATE cover a number of group actions many of which were run under Group Litigation Orders (GLO) and other case management devices, spanning a wide variety of case types. Ian has underwritten numerous commercial litigation cases, civil fraud claims and insolvency matters.

Since 2020 Ian has acted as a broker, intermediating various insurance products relating to litigation and arbitration risks as well as intermediating litigation funding requirements where required.

Below is our LFJ conversation with Ian Coleman:

What does the landscape for litigation funding look like now in the UK?

There are many strong opportunities available in the UK with excellent law firms. The use of litigation funding has become normalised in conjunction with ATE Insurance to cover the adverse costs exposure. Litigation funding is no longer seen as a tool just for the impecunious.

Opportunities range from commercial arbitration and investor state disputes to commercial litigation, civil fraud claims and of course the various forms of competition compensation claims conducted in the Competition Appeals Tribunal (CAT).

The availability of litigation funding frequently drives the law firm enquiry.

The Supreme Court decision in PACCAR remains current authority albeit that the Government has said that it will legislate to reverse the position and has received recommendation that be both retrospective and prospective. The caveat being when parliamentary time allows. However, a multiple on capital deployed (or in some cases committed) is permitted offering healthy returns for investors.

It has been suggested that ‘light touch regulation’ will be included in any such legislation or in follow-on legislation. The Lord Chancellor requested advice from the Civil Justice Council (CJC) with regards to the question of regulation. The CJC published its Final Report in June 2025. The CJC has recommended that regulation should not apply to arbitration proceedings as it should remain a matter for arbitral centres to determine whether and, if so, how any such regulation should be implemented. In Court and CAT proceedings regulation of litigation funders should be weighted according to whether the funding is provided to consumers or commercial parties.

The CJC suggests a minimum, baseline, set of regulatory requirements should therefore apply to litigation funding generally. These should include provision for: case-specific capital adequacy requirements; codification of the requirement that litigation funders should not control funded litigation; conflict of interest provisions; the application of anti-money laundering requirements; and disclosure at the earliest opportunity of the fact of funding, the name of the funder, and the ultimate source of the funding. The terms of LFAs should not, generally, be subject to disclosure.

It should be noted that the CJC specifically rejected the introduction of caps on litigation funders’ returns.

Law firm portfolio funding or case by case funding are options to consider albeit a balance of the law firm’s and their clients’ needs will be key in deciding which approach is requested. The CJC has recommended specific regulatory provisions for portfolio funding.

What is known as ‘The Arkin Cap’ continues to provide that the Court can make an appropriate decision concerning litigation funder liability for adverse costs on a case-by-case basis. For this reason, litigation funders will inevitably require that suitable ATE is in place.

It should be noted that no regulation has yet been introduced and it is debatable when there will be parliamentary time to attempt to do so. In any event regulation logically would be prospective only.

Can you speak to the issue of domiciling of funding SPVs to maximise insurance availability? 

Where litigation funding is sought it is extremely common in the UK for ATE Insurance to be required as part of the package and often Capital Protection Insurance is purchased by the litigation funder. Most of the insurance capacity for these products emanates from markets based in London.

Insurance may only be sold into a territory for which the insurer has a licence. The licencing requirements are dictated by the domicile of the Proposer (the party seeking insurance).

The Insurers invariably have a licence for the UK and Europe but not necessarily for other territories. In order to maximise the choice of insurance offerings the Proposer is ideally domiciled somewhere in the UK or Europe.

Where the Litigation Funder seeks Capital Protection Insurance (CPI) domiciling the SPV in say Guernsey may have a double benefit both in terms of insurance availability (to achieve the best terms) but also to maximise tax efficiencies. Most jurisdictions levy some form of insurance tax, but those that do not may be seen as attractive to the party paying the insurance premium. Any Litigation Funder seeking to set up an SPV in a tax and licencing friendly location should of course make their own enquiries in order to satisfy themselves that both requirements are met in that particular territory.

Where the Claimant is domiciled in a location that raises licencing challenges this may be overcome by the Litigation Funder providing an Adverse Costs Indemnity via its funding SPV and obtaining the ATE Insurance to cover off that risk.

This will however generally mean that security for costs must be provided but the ATE Policy can be fortified with what has become known as an Anti-Avoidance Endorsement (AAE). AAEs have been accepted in the UK Courts and in many arbitral forums.

Notwithstanding the place of domicile of the Proposer, the insurance policies will generally be written on the basis that the policy is governed by English Law and accordingly the duty of disclosure for the Proposer will be set out in the Insurance Act 2015 for non-consumers and Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representations) Act 2012 for consumers.

How do clients use insurance to mitigate risk and control funding spend? 

CPI can be obtained to protect some or all the capital deployed. This can be purchased either on a portfolio basis or case by case. Both methods have their advantages and disadvantages and that discussion deserves its own separate analysis. Both do mitigate the risk of losing capital. The scope of claim circumstances is a matter of negotiation with Insurers.

Generally, the conducting law firm will require some funding of their fees. Their fees can be further insulated from risk by Work in Progress Insurance (WiP) which protects an element of base fees should the claim be unsuccessful. In some circumstances WiP may be used to curtail the funding requirement.

For bilateral investment treaty arbitrations Arbitral Award Default Insurance (AADI) may also be available.

ATE is used commonly where costs follow the event to protect the risk of the claimant and litigation funder becoming liable for adverse costs.

Is the Competition Appeals Tribunal still a good funding opportunity?

There has been much discussion about the CAT since the changes in 2015. Case longevity, case outcomes and distribution have been frequent topics of conversation. The question to be posed is whether ‘herd-thought’ means that good opportunities are being over-looked. That has most certainly been the experience of the writer.

The sector in the UK has a number of strong law firms, and the CAT requirements are being clarified with decisions that are now flowing through the forum.

Decisions from senior Courts have further assisted in setting out road maps for bringing and conducting such cases particularly with regards to Opt-Out and abuse of dominant position claims.

It should not be a surprise that as the new regime bedded in the earlier cases would take longer to conclude and the pathway would need to be set.

In Opt-Out cases the CAT does consider the funding and ATE packages at Certification stage together with the Class Representative’s understanding of how they work. Whilst certification can be refused on the basis of the above it does not equate in the event of certification to a blessing of the arrangements which can be revisited later.

Sensible pricing models from the outset are important. Certification will now have some regard to the merits of the claim, scope of the defined class and distribution. These can all be well managed to substantially mitigate the risk of the CAT subsequently intervening in stakeholder entitlements.

For cases that are not Opt-Out the above considerations do not apply.

What can you tell us about the importance of being clear on the source of funds? 

The hygiene factor around funds being used to support litigation and arbitration matters is increasingly significant. Litigation Funders should be aware of this and consider the level of checks that are required in other financial sectors. Matters such as KYC, AML, UBOs and sanctions / PEP enquiries are often mandatory. This approach would be reflective of the CJC recommendations.

The confirmation that such checks have been conducted and were satisfactory could well prove to be decisive where there are competing offers of litigation funding on the table.

Startup Founder Touts Data-Driven Funding Model

By John Freund |

A litigation funding startup founder is making the case that technology, disciplined underwriting, and alignment with law firms will define the next phase of growth in the funding industry.

In Part II of its interview series, Above the Law spotlights the founder’s views on building a differentiated funding platform in an increasingly competitive market. The discussion centers on how newer entrants can compete with established players by leveraging data analytics, focusing on select case types, and maintaining tight operational controls. Rather than pursuing volume for its own sake, the founder emphasizes a strategy built around rigorous case selection and long-term partnerships with law firms.

A key theme in the interview is the importance of underwriting discipline. The founder notes that not all meritorious cases make good investments, underscoring the need to evaluate damages models, collectability, and litigation timelines with precision. Technology plays a central role in that process, with analytics tools helping to assess risk factors and identify patterns across similar claims. This approach, the founder argues, allows the company to move efficiently while avoiding the pitfalls of overly aggressive capital deployment.

The interview also touches on market education. Despite litigation finance’s growing acceptance, misconceptions persist among lawyers and corporate stakeholders. The founder suggests that transparency around pricing, control, and alignment of interests remains critical to winning trust—particularly among firms that may be considering funding for the first time.

AI Reshapes Mass Torts With Cost-Saving Promise

By John Freund |

Artificial intelligence is rapidly moving from a back-office efficiency tool to a central driver of strategy in mass tort litigation, with significant implications for plaintiff firms, defense counsel, and the litigation funding community.

An article in Bloomberg Law explores how AI-powered tools are transforming the economics of large-scale product liability and personal injury cases. From claimant intake and medical record review to document analysis and settlement modeling, AI platforms are enabling law firms to process vast amounts of data at a fraction of the traditional cost and time. In mass torts—where tens of thousands of claims can hinge on nuanced medical and factual distinctions—these efficiencies are particularly valuable.

According to the report, firms are deploying AI to automate the review of medical records, identify injury patterns, and categorize claimants more quickly. This not only reduces overhead, but also enhances early case assessment, helping firms determine which claims warrant full investment. On the defense side, corporate legal teams are leveraging similar technologies to assess exposure and streamline discovery. The result is a technological arms race in high-volume litigation.

While some observers raise concerns about accuracy, oversight, and ethical guardrails, proponents argue that AI can reduce administrative waste and free attorneys to focus on higher-value legal analysis. Vendors servicing the mass tort bar are also positioning AI as a way to increase access to justice by lowering the cost of bringing claims that might otherwise be economically unviable.

Senate Bill Targets Litigation Funding Transparency With Non-Profit Exemption

By John Freund |

U.S. lawmakers are seeking to impose new transparency requirements on third-party litigation financing in major lawsuits, while carving out protections for nonprofit legal organizations that receive funding to provide free legal services.

An article in Reuters reports that a group of Senate Republicans led by Judiciary Committee Chair Chuck Grassley has introduced the Litigation Funding Transparency Act. The bill would require disclosure of third-party financing in class actions and mass tort litigation, a narrower scope than past proposals aimed at all civil cases. Importantly for the legal funding market, the legislation includes an exemption for nonprofit legal groups funded by U.S. donors that provide pro bono representation, protecting those organizations from having to disclose their backers.

Supporters of the measure frame it as a move toward greater openness about who is financing high-stakes litigation, arguing that visibility into funding sources is essential to ensure fairness and guard against undue influence. The bill would also bar third-party funders from influencing litigation strategy, settlement negotiations, or accessing confidential documents. However, critics—including the International Legal Finance Association, an industry body—contend that imposing disclosure rules could chill litigation finance and potentially limit access to justice for plaintiffs who rely on third-party capital to pursue claims. Conservative advocacy groups have also weighed in against the bill, fearing that disclosure mandates could expose donors to political scrutiny despite the nonprofit carveout.

The bill’s introduction builds on a history of legislative efforts by Grassley to regulate litigation funding transparency, though previous versions have stalled in the House amid bipartisan opposition.

For the legal funding industry, this legislation raises crucial questions about regulatory risk and disclosure expectations in the U.S. If enacted, the bill could reshape how funders participate in large-scale litigation and how transparency requirements are balanced against concerns over client privacy, fundraising, and the broader access-to-justice mission.

UK Funder Makes Fresh Pitch After Liquidating Core Fund

By John Freund |

A UK-based litigation funder is seeking to reset its strategy and reassure investors after liquidating one of its key funds, underscoring the mounting pressures facing capital providers in an increasingly competitive and scrutinized funding market.

An article in Bloomberg reports that Katch Investment Group wound down a flagship vehicle and returned capital to investors, following a period of underperformance and portfolio challenges. The move marks a significant inflection point for the firm, which is now presenting a revised investment strategy aimed at regaining investor confidence and stabilizing its platform.

According to the report, the funder’s leadership has framed the liquidation as a proactive step designed to preserve value and recalibrate its approach in light of shifting market dynamics. The litigation finance sector has faced headwinds in recent years, including longer case durations, delayed resolutions, and increased regulatory and judicial scrutiny—particularly in collective proceedings. These factors have complicated return profiles and made capital raising more challenging, especially for publicly listed or institutionally backed funders under pressure to demonstrate consistent performance.

The firm is now pitching a refined model that emphasizes disciplined case selection, portfolio diversification, and closer alignment with investor expectations. The reset comes at a time when several UK-based funders are reassessing their exposure to large, high-risk group actions and exploring alternative structures, including co-investment arrangements and bespoke mandates.

Law Firm in J&J Baby Powder Cases Sues Litigation Funders

By John Freund |

A dispute emerging from the long-running talc litigation against Johnson & Johnson has spilled into a new front, as a plaintiffs’ law firm has filed suit against its own litigation funders in a high-stakes funding battle tied to the baby powder cases.

An article in Reuters reports that the firm, which represents claimants alleging that Johnson & Johnson’s baby powder products caused cancer, has sued multiple litigation funders over the terms and enforcement of its funding agreements. The complaint centers on allegations that the funders are seeking repayment amounts the firm contends are excessive or otherwise improper under the governing contracts. The lawsuit underscores the financial strain and complex capital structures underpinning mass tort litigation, particularly in sprawling, multi-year proceedings like the talc cases.

According to the report, the firm argues that the funders’ demands threaten its financial stability and ability to continue representing clients in the ongoing litigation. The case reflects the high-risk, high-reward nature of funding large portfolios of mass tort claims, where returns can hinge on bankruptcy proceedings, global settlements, or appellate outcomes. Johnson & Johnson’s use of bankruptcy maneuvers to resolve talc liabilities has already added further uncertainty and delay, complicating recovery timelines for plaintiffs’ firms and their capital providers.

The dispute highlights the intricate dynamics between law firms and funders in contingency-heavy practices. Funding arrangements in mass torts often involve layered investments, staged drawdowns, and complex priority waterfalls. When case timelines stretch or resolution values shift, tensions over repayment multiples and control rights can quickly surface.

Australian Court Rejects Recovery of Funder Commissions

By John Freund |

A recent Australian decision has delivered an important reminder on the limits of recoverable damages in funded litigation, ruling that a successful party cannot pass on its litigation funder’s commission to the defendant as part of a costs claim.

An article on McCullough Robertson's website outlines how the court determined that a funder’s commission does not constitute recoverable damages, even where the underlying claim succeeds. The plaintiff had sought to recover not only its legal costs, but also the commission payable to its third-party funder, arguing that this expense flowed directly from the defendant’s wrongdoing and should therefore be compensable.

The court rejected that argument, drawing a clear distinction between traditional heads of damage and the commercial cost of obtaining litigation finance. While acknowledging that funding arrangements are now a well-established feature of the litigation landscape, the court concluded that a funder’s commission is not a loss caused by the defendant’s conduct in the requisite legal sense. Rather, it is a voluntary commercial arrangement entered into by the plaintiff to manage risk and cashflow. As such, it falls outside the scope of damages recoverable from the opposing party.

The decision reinforces a broader judicial trend in Australia of treating litigation funding as legitimate, but carefully delineated. Courts have generally upheld the enforceability of funding agreements and recognised their role in promoting access to justice. However, this ruling makes clear that the economic burden of a funder’s return remains with the funded party, absent specific statutory provision or contractual basis shifting that risk.

Loopa Finance Closes $70 Million Fund III

Loopa Finance has announced the successful closing of its third litigation finance vehicle, raising USD 70 million and pushing the firm’s total capital commitments past the USD 100 million mark since inception. The milestone underscores the continued maturation of the litigation funding market across continental Europe and Latin America, where Loopa has positioned itself as a tech-driven, cross-border player focused on complex disputes.

A press release issued by Loopa Finance confirms that the new fund builds on two prior vehicles totaling USD 38 million, both of which have been fully deployed into meritorious cases across key jurisdictions in Europe and Latin America. With Fund III, Loopa intends to deepen its investment capacity in judicial litigation and complex arbitrations, while accelerating geographic expansion across strategic markets on both continents.

Co-founder and Managing Partner Fernando Folgueiro described the fundraise as a “turning point” from a legal-business perspective, noting that surpassing USD 100 million in commitments reflects growing market acceptance of litigation finance within the regional legal ecosystem. The firm emphasized its model of assuming litigation risk in exchange for a return only upon successful outcomes, while maintaining non-interference in legal strategy. Loopa invests across a broad range of disputes, including commercial and investment arbitration, corporate and contractual claims, insolvency proceedings, intellectual property matters, environmental disputes, and claims against the State.

Co-founder Yago Zavalia Gahan highlighted the firm’s continued investment in technology and scalable processes, reinforcing Loopa’s positioning as the first tech-focused litigation funder operating across both Latin America and continental Europe. Fund III attracted a mix of institutional and private investors from Europe and the Americas, including returning backers and new strategic participants.

As capital formation in emerging and cross-border markets accelerates, Loopa’s latest raise signals sustained investor confidence in litigation finance as an asset class beyond traditional Anglo-American jurisdictions—raising the question of how quickly regional regulatory frameworks and court practices will evolve alongside that growth.

Legal-Bay Spotlights $8.5M Uber Verdict in Arizona

By John Freund |

Legal-Bay has highlighted an $8.5 million jury verdict against Uber in an Arizona bellwether sexual assault trial, a result that may influence settlement postures across similar dockets. The Arizona jury found Uber liable and awarded damages to a plaintiff who alleged assault connected to the rideshare platform.

While case specifics remain limited in the public domain, the outcome provides another data point on potential exposure as claims advance nationwide. For funders and plaintiffs’ counsel, the verdict offers a reference point for damages modeling and negotiation strategy. Bellwether trials often test liability theories and damages presentations ahead of broader resolution, giving parties a benchmark for risk assessment. The Arizona ruling arrives as plaintiffs pursue a range of claims tied to driver misconduct and platform oversight.

An article in PR Newswire states that Legal-Bay characterized the case as a bellwether matter and underscored the significance of the $8.5 million award. The company reiterated that it provides pre settlement funding to claimants pursuing sexual assault lawsuits against rideshare companies, positioning capital to help plaintiffs bridge lengthy litigation timelines.

The report notes that ongoing proceedings involving Uber have drawn heightened attention to driver screening, in-app safety features, and incident response protocols. According to the release, Legal-Bay views the Arizona result as instructive for counsel evaluating case posture and timing of potential resolutions. The release also encourages potential claimants to consult their attorneys and consider non recourse advances where appropriate.