Trending Now

All Articles

3449 Articles

Key Takeaways from LFJ’s  Virtual Town Hall: PACCAR Revisited

By John Freund |

On Thursday August 15th, LFJ hosted a Virtual Town Hall titled 'PACCAR Revisited.' The live event revisited the PACCAR decision one year later and explored what the future holds for legal funding in the UK and beyond.

Panelists included Ben Knowles (BK), Chair International Arbitration at Clyde & Co LLP, Robert Marven (RM), Barrister at 4 New Square, Nicholas Marler (NM), Head of Technical Underwriting at Litica Ltd, and Neil Purslow (NP), Founder and Chief Investment Officer, Therium Capital Management Limited. The panel discussion was moderated by Tets Ishikawa, Managing Director of LionFish Litigation Finance Limited.

Below are some key takeaways from the event:

We don't hear much from insurers in regard to the PACCAR issue. Nicholas, from an insurer's perspective, what are your thoughts?

NM: The ATE insurers' odyssey through the world of PACCAR is in some ways quite different from that of a litigation funder. At first bluff, you might think that PACCAR doesn't have anything to do with insurers because it has to do with litigation funding agreements, and you'd never catch an insurer signing an LFA, so what's the problem?

If you scratch a little deeper though, the reality is quite different. If you as an insurer, insure a funder, and the funder gives an adverse costs indemnity to the claimant, then all of a sudden, the insurer's contractual fortunes are tied to the funders. If the LFA is unenforceable, then not only can the insurer not collect its contingent premium if there's a success, but the coverage provided to the funder has vanished--this is because the LFA is unenforceable.

We actually had this exact experience play out. An opportunistic claimant sought to cut the funder out, because it felt emboldened to do so as a result of the PACCAR decision. When they were informed that doing so would void their insurance, which was to their benefit, they magically found the goodwill necessary to resolve things with their funder and an amicable solution was quickly found.

You've touched on enforceability. Given how central that is to the heart of the PACCAR issue, Robert, can you share some insights and perspectives on this corse issue?

RM: There are essentially two views on the concept of enforceability. One is that it essentially says there isn't anything wrong with the contract, just that it can't be enforced. There is another view which says that the contract is unenforceable, that it is an illegal contract. I don't agree with that. It seems this is one of the paradoxes of PACCAR, it seems to have rendered unenforceable funding agreements that were perfectly legal under common law.

A lack of enforceability is important to understand as a two-way street. It means the funder cannot enforce, and it also means the claimant cannot enforce. And this is the key to understanding why things have been put right in cases that are still ongoing. A claimant who says to a funder 'I don't have to pay you anymore,' well, a funder could say to the same token, 'I don't have to fund your case anymore.' And we have seen cases that have been over or very nearly over, where the claimants think they don't need the funder anymore and saying 'thank you very much, I needed the funding but I don't have to pay you.' Or 'I did pay you, but I want the money back.'

This is where it's important to remember that enforceability is a two-way street. If all sides want to continue to carry on, then everyone has an incentive in fixing the problem. It's only where those interests converge that seem to have led to a significant litigation dispute.

Ben, from your perspective, how do you think this affects the UKs standing as a legal jurisdiction?

BK: PACCAR created a mess, and it was an expensive mess, irrespective of where we're going to end up. There's been a lot of lawyer's time figuring out what PACCAR means and where we're going to go. The PACCAR fix, as I call it, would have cleared things up to some extend. But the absence of that means some of this uncertainty will continue. And uncertainty means additional costs.

We have these various appeals on the funding agreements out there at the moment. I would expect that in some of these cases, there will be appeals that go to the Court of Appeals, and potentially, all the way up to the Supreme Court. My feeling is, when there's a case to be funded, lawyers will find a way to get that case funded. Although I'd imagine there will be a risk premium attached to that funding, not least because everybody will be getting their funding agreements checked, double-checked and triple-checked. And you may have lawyers who disagree on what's permissible, and that leads to additional costs at the start of the case.

This session is about PACCAR, but we'd be remiss not to talk about the CJC, given how the two issues merge. Neil, you're on the consultation group for the CJC review. Are there any insights you're able to share?

NP: There's now a working party reporting up to the CJC. We're expecting an interim report from that working party to come out in late summer or early autumn, and there will be a consultation, and then the final report in the middle of next year. So we've put on quite a tight timeline.

From an industry perspective, this review is welcome, unless you're opposed to the idea of talking about regulation, which I don't think the industry is. This is a sensible organizational group that is considering these points in a proper and thoughtful way. I would encourage people to get behind the work that ILFA and ALFA are doing here, and I'd also encourage funders to get involved in the consultation phase as well. It's very important that the CJC are thinking about these points with a full and proper understanding of how funding actually works, so they can understand the impact.

I think it's also important that the industry makes sure that the review takes place in a proper context, and by 'proper context' I mean that there is an understanding that funding does have benefits. So the review should look at how good responsible funding can be encouraged and those benefits can be maximized, rather than looking at funding as a suspicious thing that needs to be controlled and is just a risk. I think there is a very positive message for funding that needs to be emphasized, and I think the CJC needs to look at it through this positive lens, and I'm confident that they will.

To view the entire digital event, click here.

Community Spotlights

Member Spotlight:  Daniel Fozard

By Daniel Fozard |

Dan is a founder of the business, but began his career at one of the UK’s largest FX brokerages. He has since built a robust network of partnerships with financial advisors and lawyers, focusing on high-net-worth clients and professionals in sports.

Dan also specialises in supporting trusts and wealth structures with cross-border payments and management of their assets, addressing challenges typically faced with by traditional banks. 

Recognising the demand from clients for interest solutions to complement the multicurrency offering, Dan also focuses on identifying new growth and investment opportunities to enhance the current portfolio and meet clients’ needs. 

Company Name and Description: Fibre Group

Based in the United Kingdom, Fibre focus on cross-border payments, cross-border wealth and alternative investment strategies. 

The payments slide of the businesses ensures clients have access to highly competitive exchange rates through multicurrency banking solutions, and guidance to manage foreign exchange risk, which is often a significant consideration for international property transactions and cross-border wealth matters. 

Fibre Capital focuses on international wealth management and alternative investment, by providing tailored strategies that are customised to individual goals and risk preferences.

Acknowledging the limitations of conventional banking, Fibre look beyond public markets and traditional investments to identify solutions that diversity, balance and enhance clients’ portfolios. 

Within the litigation funding ecosystem, Fibre’s role is to introduce their active and growing client base of investors, to investment opportunities in the litigation funding space, via loan note, corporate bond, or direct investment.

Company Website: www.fibrepayments.com -- https://fibre.capital

Year Founded:  2021

Headquarters:  London

Area of Focus:  Cross-border payments, interest solutions and alternative investment strategies. 

Member Quote: "We are dedicated to delivering the highest service standards by integrating cutting-edge payment technology with innovative interest and investment strategies to achieve the best outcomes for our clients."

Past Event

Legal Funding Journal Virtual Town Hall: PACCAR Revisited

Explore the lasting impact of the 2023 PACCAR decision on the UK litigation funding landscape. This expert panel discussion revisits the landmark ruling, analyzes its implications over the past year, and examines how funders are adapting their strategies and navigating the evolving regulatory environment. Gain valuable insights into the post-PACCAR landscape of litigation funding in the UK. This webinar recording addresses critical questions, such as:
  • How has the PACCAR decision impacted funders, law firms, and the broader legal services industry?
  • Have the initial predictions about the ruling's consequences been accurate?
  • How are funders adapting their underwriting standards, pricing models, and PR strategies?
  • What does the future hold for the regulation of litigation funding in the UK and beyond?
Listen to Replay

Securities Litigation: A Growing Space in Scandinavia

By Mats Geijer |
The following article was contributed by Mats Geijer, Counsel Scandinavia of Deminor. In the complex world of securities trading, disputes and violations can arise, leading to legal actions that seek to hold wrongdoers accountable and provide recourse for affected parties. In recent years we have seen an increase in actions from investors towards listed companies, shareholders vs the so-called issuers in the region. Notable cases are OW Bunker, Danske bank in Denmark and more recently Ericsson in Sweden. Securities litigation serves several important purposes in the financial ecosystem, namely:
  1. Protecting Investors: Securities litigation helps investors in their fiduciary responsibility to seek financial compensation for losses resulting from securities fraud or misconduct. By holding wrongdoers accountable, it deters fraudulent activities and promotes market integrity.
  2. Enforcing Compliance: Securities litigation enforces compliance with securities laws and regulations, ensuring that companies and individuals adhere to disclosure requirements and ethical standards in their financial dealings.
  3. Promoting Transparency: Securities litigation can uncover hidden risks, misrepresentations, or conflicts of interest that may impact investors’ decisions. This transparency is essential for maintaining trust in the financial markets.
  4. Enhancing Corporate Governance: Securities litigation can target corporate governance failures, such as breaches of fiduciary duty or conflicts of interest among corporate insiders. Holding company officers and directors accountable can lead to improved governance practices.

Securities litigation in Sweden can be done in various ways, through class/group actions, derivative actions, or regulatory enforcement actions (by authorities). Case law in the sphere of private enforcement is historically scarce but will now hopefully start to emerge. A historic reason is probably that Sweden as a civil law country lacks statutory rules regulating civil liability in relation to improper securities activities.

In the Ericsson case, 37 institutions are claiming roughly $200 million from the issuer in the district court of Solna, Sweden. The claimants state they have suffered investment losses since Ericsson withheld information about potential bribes paid to the terrorist organisation ISIS in Iraq, that caused the share price to fall. The claimants are all large (non-Swedish) institutional investors, and the case is funded by a third-party funder (not Deminor). The case will be tried in the first instance court in 2025.

The legal community expects to see an increase in litigation related to securities in the coming years, to paint a picture in 2021 there where was one (1) initial public offering every second day (157 in total). In 2022-23 there were only a handful of initial public offerings each year. Sweden has a disproportionate number of listed companies compared to other EU countries and it is considered a national sport to invest in the stock market. A majority of listed shares are held by local and foreign sovereign wealth funds, they seldom engage in litigation locally but often participate in international cases in the US and elsewhere. The economy is currently in a recession which has historically always led to an increase in the number of disputes.

Deminor is the only international funder with a local presence that focuses on securities litigation. On paper there are plenty of opportunities in Scandinavia, but in practical terms cases are often too “small” meaning the quantum of the potential loss the investor has suffered is not sufficient to initiate the litigation. Or which is more often the situation, the investors that do hold a significant part of the shares (the loss) are not willing to engage in litigation for various reasons. The claimants that are willing to lead the way in terms of creating the much-needed case law is the types we see in the Ericsson case, foreign institutional investors.

We could summarize the situation with a phrase coined by the advertising industry for when there was a minute of silence before the next add was supposed to run - watch this space!

LexShares Cancels Plans for New Fund and Halves Payroll

By Harry Moran |

Although the litigation finance market is regularly touted as a fast-growing sector despite global economic conditions, the protracted timelines and uncertainty inherent in lawsuit investing continues to create hurdles for some funders looking to raise new capital.

An article in Bloomberg Law covers a new development at LexShares, as the litigation funder has reportedly cancelled its planned launch of a new fund and has initiated a reduction of its payroll by half, with the company now consisting of five employees. As the article explains, these employee cuts follow the departure of LexShares’ former CEO Max Doyle in June of this year, with managing director Max Schmidt taking over the leadership of the funder.

Speaking with Bloomberg Law, Schmidt expanded upon some of the difficulties that LexShares is facing in the current market, saying that “the pandemic caused tremendous delays and many cases that we thought would settle or just at least be resolved through the middle and end of 2024 haven’t resolved yet.” However, whilst Schmidt acknowledged that this was a pause in LexShares’ fundraising activity, he expressed hope that this would change in the following two years. As Schmidt explained, “We are still planning to resume our funding efforts when the company can demonstrate sufficient data, when more cases in our portfolio will resolve and when the commercial litigation finance market climate improves.”

Offering some outside commentary on the current state of fundraising in the legal finance market, Rebecca Berrebi, a litigation finance broker and consultant, said that “the industry is having to come to terms a little bit with the fact that duration in these investments is unpredictable and for many funds has been longer than originally expected.”

Emma Colantonio Joins AALF’s Board as Director

By Harry Moran |

In a post on LinkedIn, The Association of Litigation Funders of Australia (AALF) announced a change in its board, with Emma Colantonio replacing Stephen Conrad as director of AALF. Conrad, executive director at Litigation Lending Services (LLS), had been with AALF since 2021, with the association thanking him for his “time, interest and enthusiasm” and praising him as “a true gentleman and friend”.

Colantonio is a senior investment manager in LLS’ Sydney office, with AALF highlighting her “specialist knowledge and experience in large complex litigation including in the areas of financial services disputes, regulatory investigations, consumer and commercial disputes and insolvency.” Prior to joining LLS in 2021, Colantonio had also spent five years at MinterEllison as a senior associate, as well as having served as a senior legal counsel at Commonwealth Bank.

In a comment on the post, Colantonio said that she is “excited to contribute to the board and collaborate with my fellow funders.”

AALF closed by adding that it would be “celebrating these milestones at the Member drinks event on 26 September 2024.”

CASL to Close Capital Raising for Fund 2

By Harry Moran |

With persistent uncertainty over global economic stability, the uncorrelated aspect of litigation funding as an asset class has never been a more effective tool for attracting outside investors.

In a post on LinkedIn, Stuart Price, CEO and Managing Director of CASL, announced that the Australian litigation funder would be closing the capital raising for its CASL Fund 2 on 26 August 2024. In the post, Price highlighted litigation funding as a “true alternate asset that is not correlated to the stock market, economy, property, US elections, bonds”, and encouraged interested investors to get in contact to discuss this opportunity.

Price also highlighted an article in the Australian Financial Review from July that provided insights into the success of CASL Fund 1, which reportedly provided “returns of 165 per cent from two lawsuits.” 

Price explained that Fund 2 “is following the same proven mandate and focusing on primarily Australian investment opportunities”, allowing the litigation funder to build on its existing domestic strategy to maximise returns for investors. He went on to say that “the opportunity to invest for sophisticated or wholesale investors is rare to access diversification at this scale”, noting that CASL had 28 years of experience in the asset class and was, for the first time, offering “an innovative capital guarantee option”. CASL first announced the launch of Fund 2 in a media release on 1 July 2024.

Nakiki SE Files Letter of Intent for Acquisition of Casino Lawsuit Portfolio

By Harry Moran |

The Nakiki SE announces that it has signed a Letter of Intent to acquire a portfolio of so-called casino and sports betting lawsuits with a disputed value of approximately EUR 6.3 million (plus interest of at least EUR 800,000, as well as additional costs). Nakiki SE or one of its subsidiaries intends to take over an existing portfolio of lawsuits instead of pursuing individual lawsuits as announced in the ad hoc announcement of April 17, 2024. The individual lawsuits mentioned in the ad hoc announcement of April 17, 2024, will not be financed for the time being.

According to German case law from various legally binding decisions, players have a claim for reimbursement of gambling losses, as online casinos largely operated illegally until 2021. The lawsuits to be financed by Nakiki or Legal Finance are based on this legal perspective. A ruling from the German Federal Court of Justice (BGH) and the European Court of Justice (ECJ) is still pending.

In the event of the acquisition of the portfolio and a successful outcome of the litigation, Nakiki or a financing subsidiary is entitled to up to 25% of the litigation success.

Community Spotlights

Member Spotlight: Julian Coleman

By Julian Coleman |

With a background in Physics, Engineering and Software, Julian Coleman has 30+ years’ experience at the COO level conceiving new products and leading the project management, system design, engineering, software development, manufacturing, compliance and delivery teams.

Company Name and Description: 10th Mind is an e-discovery company that has been created with a major focus on innovation, not only for general e-discovery activities but in particular to assist litigation funds to overcome their specific challenges and threats  –  a special approach demanding a change of mindset.

Our name reflects our focus on innovation and is derived from the intelligence community – the Tenth Man principle. It requires that, where a group of ten analysts is working on the same data and nine of the group reach the same conclusion, it is the duty of the 10th person, the 10th Mind, to examine the issue on the premise that the other nine are wrong.

The ‘group think’ consensus may be right most of the time, or even mostly right all of the time, but tends to favour business as usual. The 10th Mind is there to challenge the consensus view and proffer different solutions.

10th Mind has defined (and addressed) four key areas:

  • Costs – there is in our view an increasing understanding that costs must be reduced
  • Process management and recording – not only does a very efficient process drive costs down, but it can (and must) include extensive record keeping of the entire process in order to support effective litigation
  • Technology will play an ever increasing role
  • Litigation Funds – a rapidly expanding market both in terms of finance available and in market sectors, funds are naturally focused on profit, a critical part of their business being case selection – and costs are a major factor here too. Funds have their own challenges, but also are having a significant impact on the wider litigation landscape.

Addressing these issues has been very interesting. As a seasoned C level executive it has been interesting to analyse and then dispense with so much convention. A business structured around what is today rather than yesterday can look very different and cost far less whilst being intrinsically more responsive and adaptable. In terms of what we can do, having no legacy structures to worry about has major benefits which transfer to the client:

  • Costs are reduced.  Many expensive overheads can be dispensed with.
  • We have developed our own project management and recording systems; based on PRINCE2 and facilitated by our unique software, integrated with selected new commercial products, management processes are vastly improved. Full traceable record keeping and transparency are built in and automated, essentially at zero cost.
  • …and finally but crucially, 10th Mind will work with funds on special terms:
    • if the fund is prepared to take on a case we will work on a CFA basis
    • we will also work with the fund on a CFA basis to undertake early stage investigations, in our view crucial to improving the evidence on which to base case selection and ultimately, therefore, profitability.

At 10th Mind we are convinced that not only is such an approach necessary now, but there will be ever-present forces driving the need for continued evolution:

Costs are becoming a major issue.  Significant concern has emerged in the English litigation funding community over last year's Paccar judgement. Omni Bridgeway’s Co-chief Information Officer, Matt Harrison, has said that some litigation funders may not survive the economic instability as “they don’t have the money available to them to invest in cases and in law firms.”  Bloomberg Law also recently noted that some litigation funds are currently facing financial difficulty.

Burford, one of the biggest litigation funds in the world and which describes itself as "the institutional quality finance firm focused on law", undertook surveys from which they report:

"[Over half of respondents to its poll] (52%) say drastic steps are needed to better manage legal costs, such as moving away from the billable hour, limiting outside firms and more innovation from outside counsel."

and

"Finance and legal professionals agree: the legal department’s top priority for the next 15 years is to minimize legal costs. But they are also unified in prioritizing that the legal department simultaneously find new ways to recover value."

It is clear there is a consensus that costs, specifically cost reduction, must be considered, and in our view, litigation funds will be a driving force.

Litigation funds have a very different focus from law firms, crucially they exist to make profits and that means winning cases, which in turn places a focus on the initial assessment stage.  And, as previously observed, the sector is expanding both in terms of available funds and in scope, driving change and posing challenges for dispute litigation as a whole. 

Logically as funding takes over a larger percentage of dispute litigation, the greater the overall impact this will have on costs. Arguably as saturation approaches, such pressures can only increase.

Process management and recording is in our view now essential, not merely tracking the ingestion and processing of data from collection to court, but the recording of all the management processes which defined the data management: who did what, when and why, recorded in forensic detail. This not only, if done well, improves business processes but it evidences them should legal challenges arise. Hence this data must be ‘forensics ready’.

Technology can and will help. But it must be the right technology which assists the first two objectives, ie improving practises whilst reducing costs. Having found critical gaps in commercial offerings, we have worked on our own solution.

Website: www.10thMind.com

Founded: 2023

Headquarters: UK (London)

Member Quote: We feel it crucial that providers must always question the legacy thinking and structures that entrench lack of efficiency, accuracy, and high costs.  By applying the 10th Mind principle, we are providing services in a new way: shared risk, formal (and unique) project management and software, along with specialised services specifically to assist funds combine to make us, to our knowledge, unique in the e-discovery sector.

If you would like to find out more as to how we can assist you and your clients, we would be delighted to meet you. Please contact us through our website (www.10thmind.com) or email our COO directly at julian.coleman@10thmind.com.