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Singapore Court Rejects Public Policy Challenge to Tribunal’s Refusal of Third-Party Funding Costs

The Singapore International Commercial Court has upheld an arbitral tribunal's refusal to award third-party funding costs, rejecting arguments that denying such recovery offends public policy or amounts to a procedural failing reviewable under the Model Law.

As reported by the Wolters Kluwer Arbitration Blog, the decision in *DTH and another v DTF and others* [2026] SGHC(I) 5 arose from a joint venture dispute arbitrated under the SIAC Rules. The tribunal awarded the applicants approximately US$14.7 million but declined to award roughly US$14.6 million in funding costs, leaving them with minimal net recovery.

The applicants advanced two grounds. The first was that refusing funding costs conflicted with Singapore's public policy of promoting access to justice for impecunious parties. The court disagreed, holding that access to justice framed that narrowly does not rise to the level of public policy, and noting that Singapore's own SICC Rules expressly prohibit the recovery of third-party funding costs. A domestic rule barring recovery makes it difficult to characterise the same outcome in arbitration as contrary to national policy.

The second ground was that the tribunal had failed to comply with the agreed arbitral procedure. The court held that costs determinations fall outside the scope of procedural review under the Model Law, because they are substantive outcomes rather than questions of process. Framing an unfavourable costs result as a procedural defect does not convert it into a reviewable one.

On the underlying analysis, the tribunal had excluded the funding costs because certain fees were calculated as a percentage of the resolution amount rather than by reference to the principal advanced, placing them outside the statutory definitions governing third-party funding.

The ruling underscores that funders and funded parties in Singapore-seated arbitration cannot assume recovery of funding costs, and that how a funding agreement structures its return may determine whether those costs are recoverable at all.

Pogust Goodhead Disputes Client Committee’s Authority to Remove It From Mariana Dam Litigation

Pogust Goodhead has publicly rejected the decision to replace it as solicitors for claimants in the multi-billion pound group action against BHP, arguing that the client committee that voted to terminate its retainer had no authority to do so and warning that the move puts claimants' costs protection at risk.

As reported by Legal Futures, the dispute follows the appointment of Bailey Glasser International (BGI) to take over conduct of *Município de Mariana and others v BHP Group (UK) Ltd*, the claim brought for more than 420,000 Brazilian claimants arising from the 2015 collapse of the Fundão Dam.

BGI said its "priority is continuity for the claimants," adding that it "does not expect the change of legal representation to have any significant effect on the overall litigation timetable" and acknowledging "the work done by Pogust Goodhead in bringing the case to the High Court in London and securing the landmark ruling on liability."

Pogust Goodhead disagrees. The firm said the "client committee has no authority to terminate Pogust Goodhead's representation on behalf of the wider group of claimants in the proceedings," and that it "remains the solicitor of record and continues to act in claimants' best interests." It described the litigation as continuing "as normal."

The firm's sharpest warning concerns after-the-event insurance, which was secured through Pogust Goodhead on the basis that it acted in the matter. By moving to displace it, the firm said, "the committee risks placing claimants' costs protection in jeopardy and exposing them to significant financial liabilities."

The commercial backdrop is substantial. Pogust Goodhead announced a partnership with Quinn Emanuel in June 2026, alongside $150 million in funding from Gramercy Funds Management arranged through the two firms for the next stage of the litigation. BGI is a joint venture between Edward McCourt & Company — owned by former Pogust Goodhead senior partner Jeremy Evans — and US firm Bailey & Glasser, with Hausfeld & Co supporting in London. Partners Faranak Ghajavand and Callum Walters previously worked at Pogust Goodhead.

Liability was established at the Stage One trial in November 2025 and can no longer be challenged after the Court of Appeal refused BHP permission to appeal in May 2026. Evidence in the Stage Two trial on causation and quantum is listed from April to December 2027, with closing submissions in March 2028.

Carta Law Adds Four Senior Compliance and Contracts Leaders Across the US and Europe

Carta Law, the AI-native law firm serving private capital, has announced four senior appointments across its Compliance and Contracts practices, deepening its bench as asset managers turn to technology-backed managed services for legal and compliance work on both sides of the Atlantic.

According to a press release from Business Wire, Noah Levine joins as Legal Director, leading the firm's Compliance function for North America. Levine spent three years as Managing Director and Senior Compliance Counsel at Angelo Gordon, previously held compliance roles at Two Sigma and Dune Real Estate Partners, and most recently served as Deputy General Counsel and Compliance Officer at Madison International Realty.

Karin Porstendörfer joins as Compliance Director and Head of Inbound KYC, based in Luxembourg. She was previously Head of AML/CFT at Carne Group, where she built and led fund compliance programmes across European jurisdictions, and brings 18 years of audit, compliance and forensic experience to the firm.

Carta Law also promoted two of its own. Chrystel Marincich becomes Managing Director, Contracts Americas, having joined two and a half years ago from Kirkland & Ellis, where she was a Partner, and Simpson Thacher & Bartlett. Kenneth Howe becomes Managing Director, Contracts Europe and APAC, and will lead the build-out of the Contracts function in Europe after a career in private practice at Simmons & Simmons and Gowling WLG.

The appointments follow Carta Law's launch in May 2026 after Carta's acquisition of Avantia, which paired AI-native legal and compliance workflows with Carta's platform for private capital. The firm now serves more than 200 asset managers, including approximately 30% of the world's largest funds, and operates across the US, UK and Europe.

"Noah and Karin bring first-hand experience of the compliance challenges facing sophisticated asset managers, while Chrystel and Kenny have played a major role in building our Contracts practice," said James Sutton, General Manager of Carta Law.

Bailey Glasser International Replaces Pogust Goodhead on the Mariana Dam Litigation

Bailey Glasser International has taken over conduct of the multi-billion pound group claim against BHP arising from the 2015 collapse of the Fundão Dam in Mariana, Brazil, replacing Pogust Goodhead as solicitors for the claimants.

According to a press release from Bailey Glasser International, the firm was appointed in *Município de Mariana and others v BHP Group (UK) Ltd and another* following a decision of the Client Committee dated 28 August 2026, with Hausfeld & Co LLP supporting the conduct of the litigation in London. The vote to terminate Pogust Goodhead's retainer and appoint BGI was unanimous among the Committee's members.

The release states that the decision followed "confidential matters identified by the Client Committee about Pogust Goodhead's conduct of the case," which were "repeatedly communicated to Pogust Goodhead, including by way of a formal notice."

The claim is one of the largest group actions in English legal history, brought for more than 420,000 Brazilian claimants. Liability was established at the Stage One trial, and after the Court of Appeal refused BHP permission to appeal in May 2026 it can no longer be challenged. The Stage Two trial on causation and quantum is listed from April 2027 to March 2028.

Faranak Ghajavand, Partner and Head of Commercial Disputes at BGI, said the firm's priority is "continuity for the claimants, with the case proceeding without disruption," adding that senior members of the existing counsel team will return to the matter.

The terms of the claimants' representation are unchanged, with fees payable only if the case succeeds. BGI is the first international venture of US firm Bailey & Glasser LLP, and is a trading name of Edward McCourt & Company LLP.

GLS Capital’s Biehl Proposes Baseball Arbitration to Curb Discovery Costs

A principal at commercial litigation funder GLS Capital has argued that courts should resolve document discovery disputes using baseball arbitration, the winner-takes-all format used to settle professional baseball salary disputes, as a way of containing a cost that routinely strains case budgets.

As reported by Bloomberg Law, Mick Biehl explains that in baseball arbitration each side submits a proposed figure and the arbitrator selects one of them outright, without splitting the difference. Because the decision-maker picks the more reasonable of the two positions, both parties have an incentive to moderate their submissions rather than anchor at extremes.

Applied to discovery, the mechanism would work the same way. Rather than conventional motion practice, each side would submit its last written position on the disputed request or response, and the court would adopt one party's position in full instead of crafting a middle path.

Biehl, a former litigator, identifies three ways the format would reduce spend. Parties would draft narrower initial requests and avoid boilerplate objections, knowing aggressive positions are unlikely to be selected. Negotiations starting from more reasonable positions would be likelier to resolve without judicial involvement. And the all-or-nothing risk would deter marginal motions to compel.

The savings, on his account, come less from the hearings themselves than from what precedes them: the rounds of meet-and-confer conferences, emails, amended requests and discovery hearings that accumulate before a dispute reaches a judge.

UK Consultation Would Let Funders Be Paid at Judgment Rather Than Wait for Distribution

Among the proposals in the UK government's overhaul of the opt-out collective actions regime is a change to when litigation funders actually get paid, a mechanic that has drawn less attention than the certification debate but bears directly on funder economics.

As reported by Legal Futures, the Department for Business and Trade's consultation would introduce a presumption that funders receive their return "at the point of a damages award being ordered or a settlement sum approved, without needing to wait for the outcome of distribution." Payment would follow the waterfall arrangements set out in the litigation funding agreement, with the Competition Appeal Tribunal retaining discretion where that would risk "an unjust outcome."

The consultation, "Swifter and Simpler Competition Redress, Regulatory Appeals, and Competition Enforcement," was published on 21 July 2026. It would also require the CAT to indicate the "reasonableness in relation to the return and order of payment at the point of certification," giving funders an earlier read on whether their commercial terms will survive.

Alongside that, the government proposes lifting the ban on damages-based agreements in opt-out proceedings. It points to Victoria, Australia, where contingency fees were introduced in 2020, as evidence that "funding rates have decreased and claimants have received superior returns."

The counterweight is a tougher certification test, under which the CAT would assess the "absolute suitability" of a claim for collective proceedings and give greater weight to case costs measured against the benefits likely to reach the class.

Rowles-Davies Traces Fair Civil Justice’s UK Funding Campaign Back to a 2016 US Chamber Paper

Lexolent chief executive Nick Rowles-Davies has argued that the campaign group driving the UK's litigation funding regulation debate is an American lobbying effort operating under a British name, and that its use of the Woodville Consultants collapse misrepresents what actually failed.

Writing in Legal Finance Expert, Rowles-Davies notes that after the Financial Conduct Authority warned on 20 August about unregulated loan notes and mini-bonds, citing Woodville, Fair Civil Justice responded that the funding market "cannot remain unregulated." He calls that "opportunism, not mere imprecision," pointing out that Woodville's investors bought unregulated debt rather than entering litigation funding agreements. The FCA warning concerned financial promotion, unregulated introducers, investor self-certification and hidden commissions — none of which, he argues, regulation of funders would address.

On provenance, he observes that Fair Civil Justice's principal 2024 policy paper, cited four times in the European Commission's mapping study on third-party funding, states on its own opening pages that it is "a thorough update of a paper initially published in 2016 by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Institute for Legal Reform."

He also examines the campaign's structure. Fair Civil Justice Limited was incorporated on 19 May 2025 as a company limited by guarantee, registered at the London office of CMS Cameron McKenna Nabarro Olswang. Its six directors include David Meyerson, ILR's Executive Director for International Initiatives, whose registered correspondence address is the US Chamber's Washington headquarters.

Rowles-Davies contrasts the disclosure the campaign seeks from funders with its own filleted first accounts, which disclose no income figure.

California Bill Barring Funders From Steering Cases Heads to Newsom’s Desk

California lawmakers have sent Governor Gavin Newsom legislation that would prohibit litigation funders, private equity firms and other outside investors from influencing case strategy, settlement decisions or client intake at law firms they finance.

As reported by the Edinburg Post, Assembly Bill 2305, authored by Assemblymember Ash Kalra (D-San José) and sponsored by the Consumer Attorneys of California, cleared the legislature with bipartisan support as part of a two-bill package alongside AB 2039. Law firms would also be barred from using investor money to market for cases. A spokesperson for the governor's office said it does not comment on pending legislation.

According to an analysis by Holland & Knight, the bill defines "corporate investors" broadly to capture private equity groups, hedge funds, investment firms and non-attorney corporations whose primary purpose involves raising or managing capital, and applies regardless of whether the practice is organised as a partnership, professional corporation or LLC.

The prohibited conduct list is detailed. It covers determining which clients to represent, the scope of representation, the financial terms of representation, legal strategy, whether to file or dismiss claims, settlement decisions, the presentation of evidence, the conduct of discovery and appellate or procedural choices. Contractual provisions granting investors that control would be void.

Enforcement runs through several channels: State Bar discipline against attorneys, statutory damages of $10,000 per violation or three times actual consumer damages, whichever is greater, plus attorneys' fees and injunctive or declaratory relief.

India’s Funding Market Runs on Private Capital and Judicial Tolerance, Not Statute

India has no dedicated statutory or regulatory framework for third-party litigation funding, the government has confirmed in Parliament that it has no proposal to create one, and the market is being built in the meantime by a small group of funders operating case by case.

As reported by The Financial Express, the practice is not expressly prohibited when undertaken by non-lawyer third parties, and it has drawn judicial approval. The Supreme Court noted in a 2018 judgment that there appeared to be no restriction on non-lawyer funding of litigation, and in 2023 the Delhi High Court described such funding as important for access to justice while flagging the need for transparency and disclosure rules.

The institutional base remains thin. India has only one SEBI-registered alternative investment fund dedicated to legal and litigation finance, 5 Rivers Capital Fund I. Others operate as technology platforms, corporate aggregators or private networks without regulatory oversight.

Pratyush Miglani of ELF Partners told the publication that roughly 70% to 80% of the firm's current mandates are global and unconnected to India, with about 20% India-linked and mostly commercial disputes. He said the firm now receives at least two inquiries a week, rising quarter over quarter. Delhi-based LegalFund said it has committed or deployed capital across more than 100 matters, applying a cap of Rs 5 crore per case and generally targeting claims worth Rs 50 lakh or more in realistic recovery value.

Ila Kapoor of Shardul Amarchand Mangaldas argued that statutory recognition on the Singapore or Hong Kong model would settle which proceedings qualify, what must be disclosed, and who is fit to fund.

ATE Underwriters Say Prince Harry Costs Ruling Will Force a Repricing of Group Litigation Cover

After-the-event insurers are being told to expect higher premiums, tighter limits and harder underwriting questions on group claims following the costs ruling against Prince Harry and his six co-claimants in their privacy case against Associated Newspapers Limited.

As reported by Insurance Business, ANL claimed £34.5 million in legal costs after winning at trial. Mr Justice Nicklin ordered that costs be assessed on the indemnity basis rather than the standard basis, removing the proportionality test, and awarded an interim payment of £9,544,355. He declined to set any ceiling on the total recoverable sum, even while describing ANL's bill as exceptionally high.

Nick McDonnell, a costs lawyer at Kain Knight, said the ruling could prompt ATE insurers to factor indemnity costs orders more heavily into their underwriting. Rocco Pirozzolo, managing director at Harbour Underwriting, argued the case should push pricing higher across the board, noting that insurers have no control over how litigation is conducted once cover is bound.

Reputation consultant Mark Borkowski said insurers will start asking much harder questions about how costs can escalate if claimants lose, and about how a claimant group is likely to appear to a judge.

The wider point for the funding market is that adverse costs cover has been priced on the assumption that standard-basis assessment will discipline a winning defendant's bill. Where indemnity-basis assessment becomes a live risk in high-profile group claims, the cost of the insurance layer that makes those claims fundable rises with it.

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